the finding on conditioned taste aversion suggest
that evolution may have programmed some organisms to learn certain types of associations more easily than others
.
Explain the concept of preparedness
, and discuss whether the laws of learning are universal.
Which theorist proposed the cognitive perspective that explains that classical conditioning occurs because of expectancy?
Pavlov
believed that the NS became a substitute for the UCS through association in time. The cognitive perspective asserts that the CS has to provide some kind of information or expectancy about the coming of the UCS in order for conditioning to occur.
Which learning theorist is responsible for the discovery of conditioned taste aversions?
Studies on conditioned taste aversion which involved irradiating rats were conducted in the 1950s by
Dr. John Garcia
, leading to it sometimes being called the Garcia effect. Conditioned taste aversion sometimes occurs when sickness is merely coincidental to, and not caused by, the substance consumed.
What was the conditioned stimulus CS in the case of Little Albert quizlet?
The white rat
was the conditioned stimulus. Little albert learned to fear the white rat after associating it with the loud noise.
When a strongly conditioned CS is used to make another stimulus into a second CS The effect is known as ?
| Term _____ is any relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience or practice Definition learning | Term When a strongly conditioned CS is used to make another stimulus into a CS, the effect is known as _____ Definition higher-order conditioning |
|---|
What would be the benefit of Flavour aversion learning?
Taste-aversion learning
facilitates the evolution of chemical defense by plants and animals
. A plant or animal that can produce or obtain a toxin that causes emesis has an excellent chance to avoid being eaten because its potential consumers will develop specific aversions to the food type (see Figure 5.11).
What type of conditioning is taste aversion?
Conditioned taste aversion is
a form of associative learning
; in this case, an animal learns to associate the novel taste of a new foodstuff (CS) with subsequent illness (US) resulting from ingestion of some nausea-inducing agent.
What are examples of classical conditioning in everyday life?
- Smartphone Tones and Vibes. …
- Celebrities in Advertising. …
- Restaurant Aromas. …
- Fear of Dogs. …
- A Good Report Card. …
- Experiences in Food Poisoning. …
- Excited for Recess. …
- Exam Anxiety.
What is difference between classical conditioning and operant?
Classical conditioning involves
associating an involuntary response and a stimulus
, while operant conditioning is about associating a voluntary behavior and a consequence. … In a classroom setting, a teacher might utilize operant conditioning by offering tokens as rewards for good behavior.
What is Pavlov’s classical conditioning theory?
Classical conditioning (also known as Pavlovian or respondent conditioning) is
learning through association
and was discovered by Pavlov, a Russian physiologist. In simple terms, two stimuli are linked together to produce a new learned response in a person or animal.
What was Watson’s Little Albert Experiment?
The Little Albert Experiment demonstrated that
classical conditioning
—the association of a particular stimulus or behavior with an unrelated stimulus or behavior—works in human beings. In this experiment, a previously unafraid baby was conditioned to become afraid of a rat.
What was the conditioned stimulus in the case of Little Albert?
In the Little Albert Experiment
the white rat
was the conditioned stimulus. Behavior which is similar (but not necessarily the same) to the UCR, which is triggered by the CS after classical conditioning.
What was the uncontrolled stimulus in the case of Little Albert?
In Watson’s experiment with Little Albert,
the white rat
was the (conditioned, unconditioned) stimulus, and Albert’s crying when the hammer struck the steel bar was the (conditioned, unconditioned) response.
Is classical conditioning the association that is learned is between A?
In classical conditioning the organism learns a new association between
two stimuli
– a stimulus that did not previously elicit the response and one that naturally elicited the response. In classical conditioning, the response elicited by an unconditioned stimulus without prior training or learning.
What are the 3 stages of classical conditioning?
The three stages of classical conditioning are
before acquisition, acquisition, and after acquisition
.
What would you predict about Little Albert based on?
Terms in this set (16) What would you predict about Little Albert based on principle of
spontaneous recovery
? Little Albert would eventually forget about his fear to the white rat, sealskin coat, rabbit, and the dog.
