Throughfall is defined as the precipitation (deposition) that passes directly through a canopy or is initially intercepted by aboveground vegetative surfaces and subsequently drips from the canopy .
What is Throughfall in hydrology?
Throughfall is the precipitation that penetrates through the canopy and reaches the soil surface by canopy drip . The amount of water retained by the canopy is termed interception (Interception = Precipitation – [Throughfall + Stemflow]).
What is stemflow in hydrology?
Stemflow is a spatially localized point input of precipitation and solutes at the plant stem and is of hydrological and ecological significance in forested and agricultural ecosystems. From: Journal of Hydrology, 2003.
What does interception mean in hydrology?
The Science of Hydrology
Interception is the part of the rainfall that is intercepted by the Earth’s surface and which subsequently evaporates . In this chapter, the Earth’s surface includes everything that becomes wet after a rainfall event and that dries out soon after.
What is stemflow geography?
Stemflow – water running down a plant stem or tree trunk . Surface Runoff – the movement of water over the surface of the land, usually when the ground is saturated or frozen or when precipitation is too intense from infiltration to occur.
What is stemflow and throughfall?
throughfall (TH) – part of the rain drips from the foliage or branches of the canopy, falling to the ground in a more or less regular pattern; (2) as stemflow (ST) – when . water flows along the wet branches and trunks into the soil around the tree trunks .
What is depression storage?
Depression storage refers to small low points in undulating terrain that can store precipitation that otherwise would become runoff . The precipitation stored in these depressions is then either removed through infiltration into the ground or by evaporation.
What is called evapotranspiration?
Evapotranspiration is the sum of evaporation from the land surface plus transpiration from plants . The typical plant, including any found in a landscape, absorbs water from the soil through its roots. ... Scientists refer to the combination of evaporation and transpiration as evapotranspiration, abbreviated ET.
What does base flow indicate?
Baseflow Index, or BFI, is a measure of the ratio of long-term baseflow to total stream flow and it represents the slow continuous contribution of groundwater to river flow.
What is saturated overland flow?
when the intensity of precipitation that reaches the surface exceeds the infiltration capacity of the soil . ... when the combination of precipitation intensity and duration (and run-on from higher areas) saturates the soil and raises the water table to the surface. This process is known as saturation overland flow.
Which type of plants has the highest interception loss?
A different characteristic revealed in it is the issue of leaf area. The highest interception rate in cashew was 51.03 while in Pinus for example has highest interception rate of 76.66%. This reveals the effect of leaf area on interception loss per event.
What are the 3 types of interception?
One can distinguish many types of interception, which can also interplay with each other. For example canopy, forest floor, fog, snow, and urban interception . This study we focus on canopy and forest floor interception. We measured interception of three dominant European vegetation types at three locations.
What is direct run off?
Water that flows over the ground surface directly into streams, rivers, or lakes . Also called storm runoff.
What is run off in geography?
The sum of all the water flowing over the drainage basin’s surface is called runoff. It is made up of streamflow, which is flow through permanent river channels, and overland flow or surface runoff.
What happens during percolation?
Water infiltrates the soil by moving through the surface. Percolation is the movement of water through the soil itself . Finally, as the water percolates into the deeper layers of the soil, it reaches ground water, which is water below the surface. The upper surface of this underground water is called the “water table”.
What is discharge in geography?
Discharge – The quantity of water that passes a given point on a stream or river‐bank within a given period of time . Flood – Occurs when river discharge exceeds river channel capacity and water spills out of the channel onto the floodplain and other areas.
