The traditional view. According to Dole et al. (1991), in the traditional view of reading,
novice readers acquire a set of hierarchically ordered sub-skills that sequentially build toward comprehension ability
. Having mastered these skills, readers are viewed as experts who comprehend what they read.
What are the three theories of reading?
Theorists have proposed three basic models of how reading occurs:
bottom-up, top-down, and interactive
. – Reading is a decoding process (focus on the text). – The phonics approach to teaching reading is used. – Reading is a psycholinguistic guessing game (focus on the reader).
What is cognitive view of reading?
From the cognitive perspective of learning to read, reading comprehension (or, simply, reading) is
the ability to construct linguistic meaning from written representations of language
. This ability is based upon two equally important competencies. … Weakness in either ability will result in weak reading comprehension.
What are 4 types of reading?
- Scanning is reading with a specific purpose in mind for specific information. …
- Skimming is speed reading for cursory overview for general information. …
- Intensive reading is of a specific written piece for a specific purpose. …
- Extensive reading is a kind of general reading for general information.
What is reading viewing?
Reading and viewing
identifies the skills and resources for the reader
as a text decoder, participant, user and analyst.
Is reading a cognitive activity?
Underpinning the tasks required in reading are
basic cognitive skills
that allow the brain to take in and process information. Children who struggle with reading tend to have difficulty with some of these basic skills, such as memory, paying attention, organizing information and following instructions.
How does reading affect one's cognitive development?
Reading to young children
is proven to improve cognitive skills and help along the process of cognitive development. … When you begin reading aloud to your child, it essentially provides them with background knowledge on their young world, which helps them make sense of what they see, hear, and read.
What are the two theories of reading?
Theories of Reading
First,
the traditional theory, or bottom-up processing
, which focused on the printed form of a text. (2) the cognitive view or top-down processing enhanced the role of background knowledge in addition to what appeared on the printed page.
What is the interactive theory of reading?
Reading is
an interactive process, where there is a transactive give and take of information from the writer to the reader
. For this transaction to occur, students must understand why they are reading the text. Before reading, the teacher should introduce new vocabulary words. …
What is the bottom-up theory of reading?
A bottom-up reading model is a reading model that emphasizes the written or printed text,
it says that reading is driven by a process that results in meaning
(or, in other words, reading is driven by text) and that reading proceeds from part to whole.
What are the 5 reading techniques?
- Skimming. Skimming will help you grasp the general idea or gist of a text. …
- Scanning. Scanning allows you to locate precise information. …
- Detailed reading. Detailed reading allows you to critically consider aspects of the text. …
- Revision reading.
What are the basic skills of reading?
- Decoding. Decoding is a vital step in the reading process. …
- Fluency. …
- Vocabulary. …
- Sentence construction and cohesion. …
- Reasoning and background knowledge. …
- Working memory and attention.
What are the 7 critical reading strategies?
- Annotating. One of the first strategies to begin with is annotating a text. …
- Contextualizing. …
- Reflecting on challenges to your beliefs and values. …
- Paraphrasing. …
- Outlining. …
- Summarizing. …
- Exploring the figurative language. …
- Looking for patterns of opposition.
What are the five parts of effective instruction?
Effective instructional programs and materials emphasize the five essential components of effective reading instruction:
phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension
.
Modelled Reading occurs when you are reading aloud to the students and demonstrating some strategies. Shared Reading occurs when students
read along
with another reader for support (e.g., the teacher, a reading buddy, or an audio recording) and the students practise a particular strategy.
What are viewing skills?
Viewing is the fifth macro-skill today. It refers to
perceiving, examining, interpreting, and construction meaning from visual images
and is crucial to improving comprehension of print and nonprint materials [3]. This is the skill to be taught as the learners are exposed on multimedia.
