a theory stating that
memory performance is better when the cognitive processes engaged during retrieval match
the cognitive processes that were engaged when the material was encoded.
What is transfer-appropriate processing example?
What transfer-appropriate processing suggests is that
after the initial learning had occurred
, if the player were then to play the guitar without the associated sounds, there would be a decline in performance, whereas if sounds were heard, as it was originally, then performance will be enhanced.
What is transfer processing?
Definition of transfer process
:
any of several processes in which a pigmented or dyed image is transferred from one surface to another
.
What is the difference between encoding specificity and transfer-appropriate processing?
Encoding Specificity (ESP): Memory is better when the test context matches the study context. Transfer-Appropriate Processing (TAP): Memory is
better when the mental processes engaged at test are the same as those engaged at the time
of study.
Why is transfer-appropriate processing important?
The theory of Transfer-Appropriate Processing (TAP) states, therefore, that
memory performs best when the processes engaged in during the encoding process match those engaged in during retrieval
. In particular, retrieval is better when you supply the same cues present when the initial learning took place.
Who proposed transfer appropriate processing?
Fergus I. M. Craik
was born in Edinburgh, Scotland on April 17, 1935. Craik is one of the leading psychologists behind the idea of memory. After attending medical school at the age of 18, Craik found that that was not his true passion.
What is priming in psych?
In psychology, priming is
a technique in which the introduction of one stimulus influences how people respond to a subsequent stimulus
. Priming works by activating an association or representation in memory just before another stimulus or task is introduced.
What is transfer appropriate learning?
a theory stating that
memory performance is better when the cognitive processes engaged during retrieval
match the cognitive processes that were engaged when the material was encoded.
What is patient transferring?
Transfers are defined as
moving a patient from one flat surface to another
, such as from a bed to a stretcher (Perry et al., 2014). Types of hospital transfers include bed to stretcher, bed to wheelchair, wheelchair to chair, and wheelchair to toilet, and vice versa.
What does it mean by technology is transferable?
Technology transfer is the
movement of data, designs, inventions, materials, software, technical knowledge or trade secrets from one organisation to another or from one purpose to another
.
What is shallow processing?
cognitive
processing of a stimulus that focuses on its superficial, perceptual characteristics rather than its meaning
. It is considered that processing at this shallow level produces weaker, shorter-lasting memories than deep processing.
What is state dependent memory example?
State-dependent memory refers to
improved recall of specific episodes or information
when cues relating to emotional and physical state are the same during encoding and retrieval. … For example, a person may be alert, tired, happy, sad, drunk or sober when the information was encoded.
What is an example of encoding specificity?
When a person uses information stored in their memory it is necessary that the information is accessible. … Examples of the use of the encoding specificity principle include;
studying in the same room as an exam is taken and the recall of information when intoxicated being easier when intoxicated again
.
What is Metamemory in psychology?
Metamemory is
a subdiscipline of the study of metacognition
—those processes involved in monitoring (assessing) cognition so as to modify and control behavior. Accordingly, research in metamemory is concerned with how individuals monitor and control learning and memory.
What is the theory of disuse?
the
theory that some decline in psychological abilities with aging may be due to the lack of use of those abilities
.
What is maintenance in psychology?
repeating items over and over to maintain them in short-term memory
, as in repeating a telephone number until it has been dialed (see rehearsal).
What is cognitive offloading?
Cognitive offloading refers to
the act of reducing the mental processing requirements of a task through physical actions
like writing down information or storing information on a cell phone or computer.
What are different types of priming?
For example, the word NURSE is recognized more quickly following the word DOCTOR than following the word BREAD. Priming can be
perceptual, associative, repetitive, positive, negative, affective, semantic, or conceptual
.
What causes retrieval induced forgetting?
Retrieval induced forgetting (RIF) occurs
when recalling memories causes other related information to be forgotten
. … RIF occurs when an individual is trying to retrieve a specific memory. Closely related words and memories ‘compete’ with the memory you are trying to remember causing a temporary forgetfulness.
What is theory of identical elements?
the
concept that the ability to learn a new task is enhanced to the extent that it contains elements of previously mastered tasks
.
What are examples of priming?
Priming occurs whenever exposure to one thing can later alter behavior or thoughts. For example, if
a child sees a bag of candy next to a red bench
, they might begin looking for or thinking about candy the next time they see a bench. Several schools of thought in psychology use the concept of priming.
What is visual priming?
Visual priming occurs
when the classification response is faster to a stimulus visually identical to a previous stimulus than to one identical only in name
. Earlier experiments found no visual priming effects between stimuli separated by a stimulus of the same task but from the opposite classification category.
What is elaborative processing?
Elaborative rehearsal is
a way to more effectively memorize information and maintain it in your long-term memory
. By making associations between the new information you’re trying to learn and the information you already know, you’re making your brain process the information in a more in-depth way.
What is parallel processing in the brain?
In cognitive psychology, parallel processing refers
to our ability to deal with multiple stimuli simultaneously
. One example is driving. … This article discusses the discovery of parallel processing, how it works, and the limitations of this brain function.
What is encoding specificity in psychology?
The encoding specificity principle shows
that memories are linked to the context in which they are created
. It states that it’s easier to recall information when you are in the same context in which you memorized or studied it.
What are the types of transfers?
- (1) Production transfer.
- (2) Replacement transfer.
- (3) Versatility transfer.
- (4) Shift transfer.
- (5) Penal transfer.
What is meant by appropriate technology?
Appropriate technology is defined as
any object, process, ideas, or practice that enhances human fulfillment through satisfaction of human needs
.
How is technology transferred?
Some of the mechanisms that make technology transfer possible include:
joint research, cooperative agreements, licensing, technical meetings, trade shows, and information dissemination
. Communication Factors TIPS: Diffusion of information about new technology is predominantly a process of communication.
What is pharmaceutical Technology Transfer?
A pharmaceutical technology transfer or more commonly known as a tech transfer, is
a series of knowledge transfers on a drug product and its established manufacturing processes from development to commercial production
. … A technology transfer is a complex process that involves different types of expertise.
What is purpose of transfer?
Transfer is
a process of placing employees in positions where they are likely to be more effective or where they are to get more job satisfaction
. In transfers, there is no change in the responsibility, designation, status or salary. It is a process of employee’s adjustment with the work, time and place.
What are types of patient transfers?
Transfers are defined as moving a patient from one flat surface to another, such as from a bed to a stretcher (Perry et al., 2014). Types of hospital transfers include
bed to stretcher, bed to wheelchair, wheelchair to chair, and wheelchair to toilet, and vice versa
.
Transfer-Appropriate Processing is a term that implies that
memories are most easily and efficiently stored and retrieved
when the type of “processing” that the brain uses when the memory is first stored matches the processing used as the time of retrieval.
What are the 3 types of encoding?
There are three main areas of encoding memory that make the journey possible:
visual encoding, acoustic encoding and semantic encoding
. It is interesting to know that tactile encoding, or learning by touch, also exists but is not always applicable.
What are the three types of encoding specificity?
There are many types of memory encoding, but the three main types are
visual, acoustic, and semantic encoding
.
What is semantic processing in psychology?
Semantic processing, which
happens when we encode the meaning of a word and relate it to similar words with similar meaning
. Deep processing involves elaboration rehearsal which involves a more meaningful analysis (e.g. images, thinking, associations etc.) of information and leads to better recall.
What is deep processing AP Psych?
Deep processing is
processing information with consideration to its meaning
. Deep processing creates stronger memories because it involves elaborative rehearsal, creating a more meaningful analysis. … Phonemic—encoding information using auditory characteristics
What is intermediate processing psychology?
Intermediate-term memory (ITM) is
a stage of memory distinct from
sensory memory, working memory/short-term memory, and long-term memory. … This overlap in the durations of these memory processes indicates that they occur simultaneously, rather than sequentially.
What is state-dependent psychology?
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. State-dependent memory or state-dependent learning is
the phenomenon where people remember more information if their physical or mental state is the same at time of encoding and time of recall
.
What is context dependent memory AP Psychology?
Explanation: Context-dependent memory is
a theory that suggests that information is optimally remembered when it is recalled in the same place in which it was initially learned
.
What is an example of state-dependent learning in psychology?
State-dependent memory is a phenomenon where people are more likely to retrieve memories that were created in similar states of consciousness. For example, if you
learned something while drunk
, you will have a higher chance of remembering it if you are also drunk.
What is the difference between metacognition and metamemory?
Metacognition refers to people’s self-monitoring and self-control of their own cognitive processes. Accordingly, metamemory refers to people’s self-monitoring and
self-control of their own memory processes
.
What is metamemory example?
Metamemory refers to
our knowledge and awareness of our own memory processes
. … For example, when a person asserts that he or she is good at remembering faces, but poor at remembering names, that person is making a statement concerning metamemory knowledge.
What is metamemory and why is it important?
Metamemory refers to
a person’s knowledge about the contents and regulation of memory
. … In addition, metamemorial knowledge plays an important role in planning, allocation of cognitive resources, strategy selection, comprehension monitoring, and evaluation of performance.
