Network models are based on the concept of
connectionism
. Connectionism is an approach in cognitive science that models mental or behavioral phenomena as the emergent processes of interconnected networks that consist of simple units.
What is the theory that memory is stored throughout the brain in networks among neurons several of which may work together to process a single memory?
or parallel distributed processing (PDP)
, is the theory that memory is stored throughout the brain in connections among neurons, several of which may work together to process a single memory.
Which theory suggests that memory is stored throughout the brain in connections between neurons?
Connectionism, or parallel distributed processing (PDP)
, is based on the theory that memories are stored throughout the brain in connections among neurons. Several of these neuronal connections may work together to form one memory.
During what time does the human brain show rapid growth in gray matter?
The rapid elaboration of new synapses in the first two years of life (Huttenlocher and Dabholkar, 1997; Glantz et al., 2007) corresponds with an increase in overall gray matter volumes to a lifetime maximum
around age 2
(Hüppi et al., 1998; Matsuzawa et al., 2001; Gilmore et al., 2007b).
What is the term used to describe the process that occurs when a person forgets something because it is painful or anxiety Laden?
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Which of the following regions of the brain are involved in meditation?
Meditation involves attentional regulation and may lead to increased activity in brain regions associated with attention such as
dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)
and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC).
Which of the following is true of the brain structures and memory functions in long-term memory?
Which of the following is true of brain structures and memory functions in long-term memory? …
the hippocampus and the temporal lobes in the cerebral cortex
play a role in implicit memory, not in explicit memory. the parietal lobes of the brain are involved in both retrospective memory and prospective memory.
What is Synaptic theory?
Hebb’s (1949) theory postulated that
the neurophysiological changes underlying learning and memory occur
in three stages: (1) synaptic changes; (2) formation of a “cell assembly”; and (3) formation of a “phase sequence,” which link the neurophysiological changes underlying learning and memory as studied by …
Where is memory stored theory?
There are several types of network models in memory research. Some define the fundamental network unit as a piece of information. Others define the unit as a neuron. However, network models generally agree that memory is stored in
neural networks
and is strengthened or weakened based on the connections between neurons.
Where is memory stored in the brain theory?
Hippocampus
.
The
hippocampus, located in the brain’s temporal lobe, is where episodic memories are formed and indexed for later access.
What part of the brain grows at the highest rate in early childhood between the ages of 3 and 6 )?
From 3-6 years of age, the most rapid growth in the brain takes place in part
of the frontal lobes known as the prefrontal cortex
which plays a key role in planning and organizing new actions and maintaining attention to tasks.
What ages does the brain develop?
Research suggests that most human brains take
about 25 years
to develop, though these rates can vary among men and women, and among individuals. Although the human brain matures in size during adolescence, important developments within the prefrontal cortex and other regions still take place well into one’s 20s.
Which brain region shows the most rapid growth during the first year of life?
The fastest-growing brain region is
the cerebellum
. It more than doubles in volume by three months. The cerebellum contains more neurons than any other brain region and it helps with motor control and movement — key skills for babies as they explore their world.
What is decay theory in psychology?
the theory that learned material leaves in the brain a trace or impression that autonomously recedes and disappears unless the material is practiced and used. Decay theory is
a theory of forgetting
. Also called trace-decay theory.
What is theory of interference?
Interference is one
theory to explain how and why forgetting occurs in long-term memory
. Interference is a memory phenomenon in which some memories interfere with the retrieval of other memories. … Because of this, some long-term memories cannot be retrieved into short-term memory.
Who proposed the interference theory?
John A. Bergström
is credited as conducting the first study regarding interference in 1892. His experiment was similar to the Stroop task and required subjects to sort two decks of card with words into two piles.
How is the brain involved in meditation?
Meditation is shown to
thicken the pre-frontal cortex
. This brain center manages higher order brain function, like increased awareness, concentration, and decision making. Changes in the brain show, with meditation, higher-order functions become stronger, while lower-order brain activities decrease.
Which part of the brain is involved in the creation of long-term declarative memories and is often linked to Alzheimer’s disease?
The hippocampus
is associated with declarative and episodic memory as well as recognition memory.
What happen in brain during meditation?
Meditation develops various regions of your brain
Your brain develops through neural connections
. Neurons, the information processing cells in your brain, connect to make neural pathways, which are responsible for your thoughts, sensations, feelings and actions. … This same process happens when you meditate.
What kind of brain waves are produced during meditation?
During meditation, the brain shows
theta waves
predominantly. These waves are associated with a relaxed state of mind as compared to alpha waves, which are associated with an aroused state of mind.
What is the meaning of declarative memory?
Declarative or explicit memory is
devoted to processing of names, dates, places, facts, events, and so forth
. These are entities that are thought of as being encoded symbolically and that thus can be described with language. In terms of function, declarative memory is specialized for fast processing and learning.
What is the relationship between learning and memory?
Learning is the acquisition of skill or knowledge, while memory is the expression of what you’ve acquired. Another difference is
the speed with which the two things happen
. If you acquire the new skill or knowledge slowly and laboriously, that’s learning. If acquisition occurs instantly, that’s making a memory.
What is Donald Hebb’s theory?
The Hebbian
theory of learning
implies that every experience a person encounters becomes set into the network of brain cells. Then, each time a certain action or thought is repeated, the connection between neurons is strengthened, changing the brain and strengthening the learning.
What is Hebb’s cell assembly theory quizlet?
– Hebb’s Rule states that
if neuron a is near enough to excite neuron b and repeatedly participates in its activation
, the synaptic connection between these two neurons is strengthened and neuron b becomes sensitive to stimuli from neuron a. – Neural cells may be activated repeatedly because of their own activity.
What are the three theories of memory?
Theory of General Memory Process:
These are—
An encoding process, a storage process and a retrieval process
.
What did Atkinson and Shiffrin find?
The multi-store model of memory (also known as the modal model)
was proposed by Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin (1968) and is a structural model. They proposed that memory consisted of three stores: a sensory register, short-term memory (STM) and long-term memory (LTM).
How does the brain store data?
When a memory is created, information flows from the
cortex
, the part of the brain rich in nerve cells, to the hippocampus, the central switching point for memories in the brain. The information flows in the opposite direction when we retrieve a memory.
What is the hippocampus?
Hippocampus is
a complex brain structure embedded deep into temporal lobe
. It has a major role in learning and memory. It is a plastic and vulnerable structure that gets damaged by a variety of stimuli. Studies have shown that it also gets affected in a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders.
What brain region is responsible for learning memory and personality?
The cerebellum
functions in: learning, memory, and personality. the planning and coordination of movement.
What did tulving discover?
Tulving showed that
memories is a two-stage process
. First memories are laid down. the front left part of the brain plays an important role in laying down memories for specific events which occur only once (episodic memory).
What is the most important cognitive theory that impacts memory?
1.
Multi-Store Model (Atkinson & Shiffrin, 1968)
An influential theory of memory known as the multi-store model was proposed by Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin in 1968. This model suggested that information exists in one of 3 states of memory: the sensory, short-term and long-term stores.
Which part of the brain develops first?
Although
the brainstem
is the first part of the brain to develop, the higher parts are evolving simultaneously but at different rates. The cerebral cortex – the part of the brain that controls thought, feeling, language and the senses – is the last to mature and begins functioning shortly before a baby is born.
What part of the brain develops first in adolescence?
Scientists have identified a specific region of the brain called
the amygdala
that is responsible for immediate reactions including fear and aggressive behavior. This region develops early. However, the frontal cortex, the area of the brain that controls reasoning and helps us think before we act, develops later.
How do the connections in the human brain change during the first few years of life?
Brains are built over time, from the bottom up.
In the first few years of life,
more than 1 million new neural connections form every second
. * After this period of rapid proliferation, connections are reduced through a process called pruning, which allows brain circuits to become more efficient.
Which theory holds that the sequence of development is universal?
Stage theories
hold that the sequence of development is universal. For example, in cross-cultural studies of language development, children from around the world reach language milestones in a similar sequence (Gleitman & Newport, 1995).
Who is the theorist for physical development?
Arnold Gesell’s
theory is concerned with the physical development of children. Gesell observed hundreds of children and came up with the physical developmental age- norms.
Which part of the brain grows at the highest rate in early childhood?
During early childhood (ages 3–6),
the frontal lobes
grow rapidly. Recalling our discussion of the 4 lobes of the brain earlier in this book, the frontal lobes are associated with planning, reasoning, memory, and impulse control.
What is prefrontal lobe?
The prefrontal cortex is
a part of the brain located at the front of the frontal lobe
. It is implicated in a variety of complex behaviors, including planning, and greatly contributes to personality development.
What is brain development psychology?
Brain development is
a lifelong process
. Its development is most marked during the prenatal period when the embryonic precursors of the nervous system rapidly multiply, migrate, and begin to differentiate, forming a brain that at birth is similar in appearance and approaches 80% of the size of the adult brain.
How does the brain develop?
The human brain develops from
the tip of a 3-millimeter-long neural tube
. At three to four weeks after conception, the neural groove closes into a tube, and three distinct regions—a hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain—begin to take form.
What is retrieval failure theory?
Retrieval Failure Theory
Retrieval failure is
where the information is in long term memory, but cannot be accessed
. Such information is said to be available (i.e. it is still stored) but not accessible (i.e. it cannot be retrieved).
What is motivated forgetting theory?
Motivated forgetting is the
idea that people can block out, or forget, upsetting or traumatic memories
, because there is a motivation to do so. Some researchers have cited directed forgetting studies using trauma-related words as evidence for the theory of motivated forgetting of trauma.
What is an example of decay theory?
The trace decay theory of
forgetting states that all memories fade automatically as a function of time
. … This process begins almost immediately if the information is not used: for example, sometimes we forget a person’s name even though we have just met them.
