Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
is a medical technique for producing pictur… … A patient with a pacemaker is mistakenly being scanned for an MRI image.
Is a sudden permanent change in the sequence of DNA?
A mutation
is a sudden, permanent change in a gene. While many mutations can be harmful or lethal, once in a while, a mutation benefits an individual by giving that person an advantage over those who do not have the mutation.
What receives incoming signals from other neurons?
Dendrites
. Dendrites are tree-like extensions at the beginning of a neuron that help increase the surface area of the cell body. These tiny protrusions receive information from other neurons and transmit electrical stimulation to the soma. Dendrites are also covered with synapses.
What mimics the activity of a neurotransmitter?
An agonist neuromodulator
mimics the natural action of a neurotransmitter, whereas an antagonist neuromodulator opposes the action of a neurotransmitter.
What is the study that focuses on genes and their expression?
In another approach to gene-environment interactions, the field of
epigenetics
looks beyond the genotype itself and studies how the same genotype can be expressed in different ways. In other words, researchers study how the same genotype can lead to very different phenotypes.
Which part of your brain is essential for receiving information that you were moving your legs?
One of the brain areas most involved in controlling these voluntary movements is
the motor cortex
. The motor cortex is located in the rear portion of the frontal lobe, just before the central sulcus (furrow) that separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe.
What refers to a person’s physical characteristics?
Physical characteristics are defining traits or features of a person’s body. These are
aspects of appearance that are visually apparent to others
, even with no other information about the person. They can include a variety of things. Hair and facial features play a big role but aren’t the whole picture.
How do neurons receive signals?
Neurons communicate via both electrical and chemical signals. A
neuron receives input from other neurons
and, if this input is strong enough, the neuron will send the signal to downstream neurons. Transmission of a signal between neurons is generally carried by a chemical called a neurotransmitter.
What are the 5 main parts of a neuron?
The structure of a neuron: The above image shows the basic structural components of an average neuron, including the
dendrite, cell body, nucleus, Node of Ranvier, myelin sheath, Schwann cell, and axon terminal
.
What is used by neurons to communicate?
Neurons communicate with each other via electrical events called ‘action potentials’ and
chemical neurotransmitters
. At the junction between two neurons (synapse), an action potential causes neuron A to release a chemical neurotransmitter.
Is a drug that mimics or increases a neurotransmitter’s effects?
| Term Definition | Agonist is a drug that mimics or increases a neurotransmitter’s effects. | Antagonist Is a drug that blocks a neurotransmitter’s effects. | Brain lesioning Is an abnormal disruption in the tissue of the brain resulting from injury or disease. |
|---|
What drug blocks the reabsorption of neurotransmitters?
SNRIs
block the reabsorption (reuptake) of the neurotransmitters serotonin (ser-o-TOE-nin) and norepinephrine (nor-ep-ih-NEF-rin) in the brain.
What drugs release dopamine in the brain?
Research has shown that the drugs most commonly abused by humans (including
opiates, alcohol, nicotine, amphetamines, and cocaine
) create a neurochemical reaction that significantly increases the amount of dopamine that is released by neurons in the brain’s reward center.
How do genes and environment affect behavior?
Genes, via their influences on morphology and physiology,
create a framework within which the environment acts to shape the behavior of an individual animal
. The environment can affect morphological and physiological development; in turn behavior develops as a result of that animal’s shape and internal workings.
Can nutrition change your genes?
Put simply, what you eat won’
t change
the sequence of your DNA, but your diet has a profound effect on how you “express” the possibilities encoded in your DNA. The foods you consume can turn on or off certain genetic markers which play a major – and even life or death – role in your health outcomes.
Is PP genotype or phenotype?
A simple example to illustrate genotype as distinct from phenotype is the flower colour in pea plants (see Gregor Mendel). There are three available genotypes, PP (
homozygous dominant
), Pp (heterozygous), and pp (homozygous recessive).
