If RNA polymerase malfunctions,
one of the subunits of rRNA will not be transcribed from DNA
. the two resulting DNA molecules each have one new DNA strand and one old strand from the original DNA molecule. both of the resulting DNA molecules are composed of new strands of nucleotides.
What happens if RNA polymerase is blocked?
The stalling of RNAP2 on lesions for extended periods of time can
arrest cell cycle progression and lead to apoptosis
[2], [3], and so, if TBLs remain unrepaired, this blocked transcription can cause severe cellular dysfunction, eventually resulting in DNA-damage-induced aging [4], [5], [6].
What would happen if RNA polymerase was mutated?
Explain what would happen to the process of gene expression if the gene for RNA polymerase was mutated. If its mutated it would
make the mRNA incorrectly or differently which would change the protein that is made
. Each amino acid has a tRNA synthetase enzyme that is responsible for attaching it to a tRNA molecule.
What would happen if the RNA was incorrectly made?
However, an error is not as consequential as an error in DNA replication, since an error in RNA transcription
will likely result in only one or a few defective proteins
, while a mutation in DNA will result in defective proteins being continually produced in the future.
What blocks the progression of RNA polymerase?
Yeast Reb1
binds tightly to specific ribosomal RNA terminator sequences to block RNA Polymerase I, thereby allowing time for RNase III-dependent transcript cleavage and Rat1/Xrn2-mediated termination similar to that described above for RNAPII [17].
What causes RNA polymerase stall?
Transcriptional stress
leading to stalling of RNA polymerase can also be caused by DNA damage, and recognizing stalled RNA polymerase can lead to transcription-coupled repair or, in response to prolonged stalling, degradation of the polymerase.
Does RNA polymerase correct mistakes?
Most of the mistakes during DNA replication
are promptly corrected by DNA polymerase
which proofreads the base that has just been added. In proofreading, the DNA pol reads the newly-added base before adding the next one so a correction can be made.
What happens if transcription goes wrong?
What happens if there is a mistake (mutation) in the DNA code?
Possibly proteins won’t be made or are made improperly
. If the mutations occur in the gametes, the offspring’s DNA will be affected positively, negatively, or neutrally.
What happens if mutations are not corrected?
Most mistakes are corrected, but if they are not, they
may result in a mutation defined as a permanent change in the DNA sequence
. Mutations can be of many types, such as substitution, deletion, insertion, and translocation. Mutations in repair genes may lead to serious consequences such as cancer.
Can RNA repair itself?
In contrast, repair of damaged RNA has
not been widely explored
. … Several lines of evidence indicate RNA repair as a possible cellular defence mechanism to cope with RNA damage. Thus, there are convincing examples of tRNA repair by elongation of truncated forms, and repair of cleaved tRNA by T4 phage proteins.
What diseases are caused by RNA?
Human diseases causing RNA viruses include Orthomyxoviruses, Hepatitis C Virus (HCV),
Ebola disease, SARS, influenza, polio measles and retrovirus
including adult Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
What RNA does to the body?
RNA carries out a broad range of functions, from translating genetic information into the molecular machines and structures of the cell to
regulating the activity of genes
during development, cellular differentiation, and changing environments.
What are the 5 steps of transcription?
- of 05. Pre-Initiation. Atomic Imagery / Getty Images. …
- of 05. Initiation. Forluvoft / Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain. …
- of 05. Promoter Clearance. …
- of 05. Elongation. …
- of 05. Termination.
Does RNA polymerase need a primer?
A
primer must be synthesized by an enzyme called primase
, which is a type of RNA polymerase, before DNA replication can occur. The synthesis of a primer is necessary because the enzymes that synthesize DNA, which are called DNA polymerases, can only attach new DNA nucleotides to an existing strand of nucleotides.
Is the coding strand always 5 to 3?
By convention, the coding strand is the strand used when displaying a DNA sequence. It is presented in the
5′ to 3′ direction
.
What is the role of RNA polymerase II?
Eukaryotic RNA polymerase II (pol II) is a 12-subunit DNA-dependent RNA polymerase that is responsible for
transcribing nuclear genes encoding messenger RNAs and several small nuclear RNAs
(1).
