The first Water Master Plan in 1972 envisioned a diversified water supply over the next half-century, from what would become known as the Four National Taps: local catchment water, imported water, reclaimed water, and desalinated water.
What are the 4 national taps?
Singapore has built a robust, diversified and sustainable water supply from four water sources known as the Four National Taps – Water from Local Catchment , Imported Water, high-grade reclaimed water known as NEWater and Desalinated Water.
How many reservoirs did Singapore have in the 1960s?
This is a snapshot of Singapore’s quest for water security. In 2008, the Marina Barrage was built to create the Marina Reservoir – our 15th reservoir. reservoirs – up from three in the 1960s.
How long ago was the NEWater Labelled as our 3rd National Tap?
Third National Tap – NEWater
The plant started operations in 2000 , and two years of intensive testing followed to ensure that reclaimed water was safe for drinking and posed no long-term health risks.
Why was NEWater created?
The project was revived when PUB and the then Ministry of the Environment (ENV), now called the Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources, initiated the Singapore Water Reclamation Study (NEWater Study) in 1998 to determine if NEWater could be a viable source to supplement Singapore’s water supply.
Why is NEWater not used for drinking?
Non-Potable Use
The biggest users of NEWater are wafer fabrication plants , which require water quality that is even more stringent than water for drinking.
Where does Singapore’s water come from?
Currently, Singapore has built a robust and diversified supply of water from 4 different sources: water from local catchments, imported water, NEWater (high-grade reclaimed water) and desalinated water .
Which are the 3 oldest reservoirs?
- #1 MacRitchie Reservoir. This beauty is the oldest and biggest reservoir in Singapore (completed in 1868), sitting smack dab in the middle of the country. ...
- #2 Bedok Reservoir. ...
- #3 Lower Peirce Reservoir. ...
- #4 Lower Seletar Reservoir. ...
- #5 The Marina Barrage.
Who named Singapore?
Sometime in the 14th century the name was changed to Singapura, which is now rendered as Singapore in English. Singapura means “Lion City” in Sanskrit, and Sang Nila Utama is usually credited with naming the city, although its actual origin is uncertain .
Does Singapore have any dams?
The following is a list of reservoirs in Singapore. There are a currently 17 reservoirs which are designated as national water catchment areas and are managed by the Public Utilities Board (PUB) of Singapore.
How clean is NEWater?
NEWater is cleaner than PUB Water/Tap Water (Colour)
So far 20,000 analyses over the last two years have established that NEWater is cleaner than PUB water. Physically, NEWater is very clear and sparkling. The river sources and reservoir water have more colour as they contain more minerals and organic substances.
What is the difference between NEWater and desalinated water?
Desalinated water, which currently meets up to 30 per cent of water demand and will meet 30 per cent of future demand in 2060, is the most energy-intensive water source. NEWater, on the other hand, currently makes up 40 per cent of water demand , and meet up to 55 per cent of future demand in 2060.
Does Singapore still buy water from Malaysia?
Do we still import water from Johor? Yes. Under the 1962 Water Agreement, we continue to draw 250 million gallons of raw water per day from the Johor River. In return, we are obliged to provide Malaysia with a daily supply of treated water up to 2% (or 5 mgd) of the water supplied to Singapore.
Who introduced NEWater?
1.1 Singapore opened its first plant to produce NEWater (high-purity reclaimed water) from treated used water in 2003 to diversify its sources of water supply.
Is NEWater only in Singapore?
| Plant name | Sembcorp NEWater Plant | Location | Changi | Date of commissioning | 2010 | Current capacity | 50 million imperial gallons (230,000 m 3 ) | Operator | Sembcorp |
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What are the disadvantages of using NEWater?
Although NEWater is very a very effective process, it has a couple of disadvantages. NEWater will not be able to produce enough potable water to be independent. It is now only able to produce 30 percent of Singapore’s demand . In the future, 2060, it is predicted to meet 55 percent of Singapore’s demand.
