analogous
; Species from different evolutionary branches may come to resemble one another if they have similar ecological roles and natural selection has shaped similar adaptations, called analogous structures.
What phylogeny means?
Phylogeny,
the history of the evolution of a species or group
, especially in reference to lines of descent and relationships among broad groups of organisms.
When describing phylogenetic trees each branching point is called a?
Many phylogenetic trees have a single lineage at the base representing a common ancestor. … The point where a split occurs, called a
branch point
, represents where a single lineage evolved into a distinct new one. A lineage that evolved early from the root and remains unbranched is called basal taxon.
In evolutionary biology,
convergent evolution
is the process whereby organisms not closely related (not monophyletic), independently evolve similar traits as a result of having to adapt to similar environments or ecological niches.
What do phylogenetic relationships refer to?
A phylogeny describes the relationships of an organism, such as from which organisms it is thought to have. evolved, to which species it is most closely related, and so forth. Phylogenetic relationships provide
information on shared ancestry but not necessarily on how organisms are similar or different
.
Which is the best definition of phylogeny?
1 :
the evolutionary history of a kind of organism
. 2 : the evolution of a genetically related group of organisms as distinguished from the development of the individual organism. 3 : the history or course of the development of something (such as a word or custom)
What is phylogeny example?
The phylogenetic tree of animals depicting the evolution of animal organs
is a special phylogeny example. It shows animal phylogeny is terms of the evolution of animal organs. In this type of diagram, the evolutionary relationship of major animal lineages can be inferred based on the organ level of organization.
What are the 3 main branches of a phylogenetic tree?
A phylogenetic tree based on rRNA genes, showing the three life domains:
bacteria, archaea, and eukaryota
. The black branch at the bottom of the phylogenetic tree connects the three branches of living organisms to the last universal common ancestor. In the absence of an outgroup, the root is speculative.
What is used in Cladistics?
Cladistic methodologies involve the
application of various molecular, anatomical, and genetic traits of organisms
. … For example, a cladogram based purely on morphological traits may produce different results from one constructed using genetic data.
What is the common ancestor?
Common-ancestor meaning
An ancestor that two or more descendants have in common
. … The chimpanzee and the gorilla have a common ancestor. The theory of evolution states that all life on earth has a common ancestor.
What are 2 examples of convergent evolution?
Examples of convergent evolution include
the relationship between bat and insect wings, shark and dolphin bodies, and vertebrate and cephalopod eyes
. Analogous structures arise from convergent evolution, but homologous structures do not.
What are examples of analogous structures?
Analogy, in biology, similarity of function and superficial resemblance of structures that have different origins. For example,
the wings of a fly, a moth, and a bird
are analogous because they developed independently as adaptations to a common function—flying.
What is a good example of Intrasexual selection?
Intrasexual selection, on the other hand, occurs between members of the same sex. For example,
male sea lions compete for dominance over rookeries of females
. Here, intrasexual selection acts on the physiology of the sea lion, to make it large enough to compete with other males for a group of females.
What evidence supports the theory of evolution?
Perhaps the most persuasive fossil evidence for evolution is
the consistency of the sequence of fossils from early to recent
. Nowhere on Earth do we find, for example, mammals in Devonian (the age of fishes) strata, or human fossils coexisting with dinosaur remains.
Which best describes traditional classification?
Which best describes traditional classification? … It is called
phylogenetic classification
. It is called cladistics. It is based on shared characteristics.
Is the outgroup the common ancestor?
The evolutionary conclusion from these relationships is that the outgroup species
has a common ancestor with the ingroup that is older than the common ancestor of the ingroup
. … Therefore, phylogeneticists typically use more than one outgroup in cladistic analysis.
