The Long Run Average Cost Curve shows how the average costs of a firm evolve over time. As the curve slopes down the cost per unit shrinks as seen in the change from point A to point B. The downward sloping portion of the curve is
an economy of scale
, the average cost rises proportionately less to output.
When the average cost curve is downward sloping?
The average
fixed costs AFC
curve is downward sloping because fixed costs are distributed over a larger volume when the quantity produced increases. AFC is equal to the vertical difference between ATC and AVC. Variable returns to scale explains why the other cost curves are U-shaped.
When the long run average cost curve is downward sloping quizlet?
When the long-run average cost curve is downward sloping,
economies of scale are present
.
When the long run average total cost curve is upward sloping This means that?
The upward-sloping range of the curve implies
diseconomies of scale
. Firms are likely to experience all three situations, as shown in Figure 8.15 “Economies and Diseconomies of Scale and Long-Run Average Cost”.
What does the long run average cost curve show?
The long-run average cost curve shows
the lowest total cost to produce a given level of output in the long run
.
Which cost increases continuously?
Variable cost
increases continuously with the increase in production.
What is short run average cost curve?
Short Run Average Costs. The normal shape for a short-run average cost curve is
U-shaped
with decreasing average costs at low levels of output and increasing average costs at high levels of output.
What is the difference between total cost and variable cost in the long run in the long run?
All costs are variable, so we do not distinguish between total variable cost and total cost in the long run:
total cost is total variable cost
. The long-run average cost (LRAC) curve shows the firm’s lowest cost per unit at each level of output, assuming that all factors of production are variable.
Are there fixed costs in the long run?
Generally speaking, the long run is the period of time when all costs are variable. …
No costs are fixed in the long run
. A firm can build new factories and purchase new machinery, or it can close existing facilities. In planning for the long run, a firm can compare alternative production technologies or processes.
What is the difference in the short run and the long run quizlet?
In the short run:
at least one input is fixed
. In the long run: the firm is able to vary all its inputs, adopt new technology, & change the size of its physical plant.
What is the shutdown rule?
The shutdown rule states that
a firm should continue operations as long as the price (average revenue) is able to cover average variable costs
. … In addition, in the short run, if the firm’s total revenue is less than variable costs, the firm should shut down.
Are marginal cost curves always upward sloping?
The marginal cost curve is
generally upward-sloping
, because diminishing marginal returns implies that additional units are more costly to produce. A small range of increasing marginal returns can be seen in the figure as a dip in the marginal cost curve before it starts rising.
Why is supply downward sloping?
In a decreasing cost industry, the long run supply curve is downward sloping
since as output increases and new firms enter, production costs decline
. The computer industry is an example of a downward sloping supply curve, since as the number of computers produced increased, the price of inputs, such as chips, decline.
What is likely the effect if a firm has a downward sloping long run average cost curve?
Constant returns to scale refers to a situation where average cost does not change as output increases. … A downward-sloping LRAC
shows economies of scale
; a flat LRAC shows constant returns to scale; an upward-sloping LRAC shows diseconomies of scale.
Why is the average cost curve U shaped?
The average cost curve is u-shaped because
costs reduce as you increase the output, up to a certain optimal point
. From there, the costs begin rising as you increase the output. … As you increase the output and variable costs, the average cost reduces because the output adds value to the consumer.
Why are short run and long run average cost curve U shaped?
The cost curves, whether short-run or long-run, are U-shaped because
the cost of production first starts falling as output is increased owing to the various economies of scale
. … We have said before that no costs are fixed in the long-run, i.e., in the long run all costs are variable.
