When Thompson Was 5 Years Of Age He Began To Complain That His Stomach Hurts?

Eggs, milk, and peanuts

are the most common causes of food allergies in children, with wheat, soy, and tree nuts also included. Peanuts, tree nuts, fish, and shellfish commonly cause the most severe reactions.

Which of the following foods is often responsible for causing an allergic response in susceptible persons?

Eggs, milk, and peanuts

are the most common causes of food allergies in children, with wheat, soy, and tree nuts also included. Peanuts, tree nuts, fish, and shellfish commonly cause the most severe reactions.

When muscle cells have more glucose than they need for energy they may store some of the excess as?

If your body has enough glucose to fulfill its current needs, excess glucose can be stored for later use. This stored form of glucose is called

glycogen

and is primarily found in the liver and muscle. The liver contains approximately 100 grams of glycogen.

Which of the following substances is an enzyme that participates in the digestion of proteins?

The

enzyme pepsin

plays an important role in the digestion of proteins by breaking down the intact protein to peptides, which are short chains of four to nine amino acids. In the duodenum, other enzymes— trypsin, elastase, and chymotrypsin—act on the peptides reducing them to smaller peptides.

When combined Which of the following groups of foods forms a complementary protein dish group of answer choices?

• Grains (rice, corn, wheat, barley, etc.) + legumes (peas, beans, lentils)
• Grains and milk products.
• Seeds (Sesame or sunflower) +legumes.

What are the Big 8 allergens?

Congress passed the Food Allergen Labeling and Consumer Protection Act of 2004 (FALCPA). This law identified eight foods as major food allergens:

milk, eggs, fish, shellfish, tree nuts, peanuts, wheat, and soybean.

What are the 10 most common allergies?

The 10 most common allergies include

foods, animals, pollen, mold, dust mites, medications, latex, insect stings, cockroaches, and perfumes/household chemicals

. Allergies are a condition in which the body's immune system considers a substance as a harmful “invader” and overreacts to it.

How does muscle use glucose?

Glucose is an important fuel for contracting muscle, and normal glucose metabolism is vital for health. Glucose enters the muscle cell via

facilitated diffusion through the GLUT4 glucose transporter

which translocates from intracellular storage depots to the plasma membrane and T-tubules upon muscle contraction.

When muscle cells enzymatically reform ATP from ADP and PCr The byproduct is?

ATP can only fuel your cells for 2 to 4 seconds. If there were no resupply of ATP available, another high-energy compound called phosphocreatine (PCr) can be quickly broken down to release enough energy to make more ATP. When muscle cells enzymatically reform ATP from ADP and PCr, the byproduct is

creatine

.

What two materials will muscle cells need more of in order to make more energy?

During everyday activities and light exercise, the mitochondria of muscle fibers produce ATP in a process called aerobic respiration. Aerobic respiration requires the presence of oxygen to break down food energy (usually

glucose

and fat) to generate ATP for muscle contractions.

Where does starch digestion begin?

The digestion of starch begins with

salivary amylase

, but this activity is much less important than that of pancreatic amylase in the small intestine.

Which enzyme begins the breakdown of proteins in the stomach?

The stomach releases gastric juices containing hydrochloric acid and the enzyme,

pepsin

, which initiate the breakdown of the protein.

What enzyme is the first to begin the breakdown of proteins?

Enzymatic digestion of proteins begins in the stomach with the action of the

enzyme pepsin

. Proteins are large globular molecules, and their chemical breakdown requires time and mixing.

How are complementary proteins combined?

Bringing it all together

Protein complementation is

combining plant protein sources to achieve a better amino acid balance than either would have alone

. Because of differences in amino acid make-up, when plant sources are combined, the strengths of one make up for the deficiencies in another.

Which of the following are examples of complementing proteins?

• Peanut butter sandwich or spread on grainy crackers.
• Hommus on bread or crackers.
• Vegie patties (made with lentils/legumes) on a roll or bread.
• Macaroni and cheese.
• Grilled cheese sandwiches.
• Tofu with rice, quinoa, barley, or buckwheat.

Where and how does protein digestion begin?

Protein digestion begins

when you first start chewing

. There are two enzymes in your saliva called amylase and lipase. They mostly break down carbohydrates and fats. Once a protein source reaches your stomach, hydrochloric acid and enzymes called proteases break it down into smaller chains of amino acids.

What is the number 1 food allergy?

Shellfish

is the most common food allergen in the U.S., affecting approximately 7 million adults, according to the study. Milk allergies affect nearly 5 million people, followed closely by peanut allergies, which affect about 5 million people.

What are the 4 types of allergic reactions?

Four different types of allergic reactions are

immediate, cytotoxic, immune-complex mediated and delayed hypersensitivity reactions

. Allergic reactions occur when the body's immune system has a reaction to a substance it sees as harmful, called an allergen.

What is the most allergic food?

• cow's milk.
• eggs.
• peanuts.
• fish.
• shellfish.
• tree nuts, such as cashews or walnuts.
• wheat.
• soy.

What are the 14 allergen foods?

The 14 allergens are:

celery, cereals containing gluten (such as barley and oats)

, crustaceans (such as prawns, crabs and lobsters), eggs, fish, lupin, milk, molluscs (such as mussels and oysters), mustard, peanuts, sesame, soybeans, sulphur dioxide and sulphites (if they are at a concentration of more than ten parts …

What can trigger allergy?

• Airborne allergens, such as pollen, animal dander, dust mites and mold.
• Certain foods, particularly peanuts, tree nuts, wheat, soy, fish, shellfish, eggs and milk.
• Insect stings, such as from a bee or wasp.
• Medications, particularly penicillin or penicillin-based antibiotics.

What are the worst allergies to have?

• Tree nuts. Nut allergies are typically among the most severe food allergies, causing swift and dangerous reactions. …
• Peanuts. Peanuts are actually legumes, like beans and peas. …
• Shellfish. …
• Fin Fish. …
• Milk. …
• Eggs. …
• Wheat. …
• Soy.

What causes ketone?

Ketone bodies are

produced by the liver

and used peripherally as an energy source when glucose is not readily available. The two main ketone bodies are acetoacetate (AcAc) and 3-beta-hydroxybutyrate (3HB), while acetone is the third, and least abundant, ketone body.

Where is the Sarcolemma?

The sarcolemma is

the plasma membrane of the muscle cell

and is surrounded by basement membrane and endomysial connective tissue. The sarcolemma is an excitable membrane and shares many properties with the neuronal cell membrane.

What does the GLUT4 do?

GLUT4 is an

insulin-regulated glucose transporter that is responsible for insulin-regulated glucose uptake into fat and muscle cells

. In the absence of insulin, GLUT4 is mainly found in intracellular vesicles referred to as GLUT4 storage vesicles (GSVs).

How is mitochondria delivered to the muscle cells?

These organelles, commonly referred to as the cell's “power plants,” convert nutrients into the molecule ATP, which stores energy. … Scientists have long believed that the energy produced by mitochondria is distributed through muscle cells

by some type of diffusion mechanism

.

What is the first event in muscle fiber contraction?

In the initiation of muscle fiber contraction

calcium ions bind to tropomyosin, exposing active sites on actin for cross-bridge formation

. The enzyme ATPase occurs in the globular portion of myosin molecules. Acetylcholine released by the myofibril crosses the synaptic cleft to bind to the motor neuron ending.

What is required by the muscle in order to produce energy?

The energy required for muscle contraction is provided by the

breakdown of ATP

but the amount of ATP in muscles cells is sufficient to power only a short duration of contraction.

What are the two most important pathways by which ATP is generated in muscle cells?

It is present in low levels in the muscle.

Glycolysis

converts glucose to pyruvate, water and NADH, producing two molecules of ATP. Excess pyruvate is converted to lactic acid which causes muscle fatigue. Cellular respiration produces further molecules of ATP from pyruvate in the mitochondria.

How does ATP ADP and PCr work to provide energy to cells?

ATP and creatine phosphate (also called phosphocreatine or PCr for short) make up the ATP-PCr system. PCr is

broken

down releasing a phosphate and energy, which is then used to rebuild ATP. Recall, that ATP is ‘rebuilt' by adding a phosphate to ADP in a process called phosphorylation.

How is ATP delivered to muscle cells?

Energy is supplied to cells via two different mechanisms: by means of a process known as

glycolysis

, cells extract the energy carrier adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from glucose. … Due to their relatively high energy demand, muscle cells require a particularly high number of mitochondria compared to other cell types.

Where is protein first digested?

Chemical protein digestion begins in

the stomach

and ends in the small intestine. The body recycles amino acids to make more protein.

Where are proteins first digested Class 10?

Proteins are first digested in

the stomach

by the action of pepsin, which converts proteins into smaller polypeptides.

Where is Chyme formed?

chyme, a thick semifluid mass of partially digested food and digestive secretions that is formed in

the stomach and intestine

during digestion.

What is in the saliva?

Saliva is Made Of Mostly

Water

If you're wondering what saliva is made of, it's 99% water. This is no surprise considering the body is made of 60% water. The remaining 1% of saliva contains digestive enzymes, uric acid, electrolytes, mucus-forming proteins, and cholesterol.

What does saliva break down into sugar?

Saliva contains special enzymes that help digest the starches in your food. An enzyme called amylase breaks down

starches (complex carbohydrates)

into sugars, which your body can more easily absorb. Saliva also contains an enzyme called lingual lipase, which breaks down fats.

What digests disaccharides into monosaccharides?

The disaccharides are broken down into monosaccharides by enzymes called

maltases, sucrases, and lactases

, which are also present in the brush border of the small intestinal wall. Maltase breaks down maltose into glucose.

What enzymes break down lipids?

lipase enzymes

break down lipids (fats and oils) into fatty acids and glycerol.

Which enzymes are produced by the stomach?

Pepsin

is the main gastric enzyme. It is produced by the stomach cells called “chief cells” in its inactive form pepsinogen, which is a zymogen. Pepsinogen is then activated by the stomach acid into its active form, pepsin.

Which enzyme catalyzes the breakdown of protein?

What amino acid is missing in beans?

“Beans contain isoleucine and lysine, but lack

methionine and tryptophan

. Therefore, together, they make a complete protein.

Do rice and corn make a complete protein?

Every time legumes like beans, lentils, and peanuts are combined with grains like wheat, rice, and corn, a

complete protein is born

.

What amino acids are not in vegetables?

Common examples of the limiting amino acids in plant-based proteins include

lysine

, methionine, isoleucine, threonine and tryptophan. Of these, lysine appears to be to be most commonly absent, particularly from cereal grains [46].