Adjacent nucleotides in a polynucleotide are linked by phosphodiester bonds. The entire strand has a chemical directionality: the 5′ end with
a free hydroxyl or phosphate group on
the 5′ carbon of the sugar, and the 3′ end with a free hydroxyl group on the 3′ carbon of the sugar (see Figure 4-3).
What functional group is on the 5 end of polynucleotides?
Polynucleotide chains
At the 5′ end, or beginning, of the chain, the
5′ phosphate group
of the first nucleotide in the chain sticks out.
What is at the 5 end of DNA?
The 5′-end (pronounced “five prime end”) designates the end of the DNA or RNA strand that
has the fifth carbon in the sugar-ring of the deoxyribose or ribose at its terminus
. … It consists of a methylated nucleotide (methylguanosine) attached to the messenger RNA in a rare 5′- to 5′-triphosphate linkage.
Which chemical groups are located at the 5 end of DNA?
DNA and RNA are composed of nucleotides that are linked to one another in a chain by chemical bonds, called ester bonds, between the sugar base of one nucleotide and
the phosphate group
of the adjacent nucleotide. The sugar is the 3′ end, and the phosphate is the 5′ end of each nucleiotide.
Which of the following statements about the 5 end of a polynucleotide strand of DNA is correct?
Which of the following statements about the 5′ end of a polynucleotide strand of RNA is correct?
The 5′ end has a phosphate group attached to the number 5 carbon of ribose
. You just studied 14 terms!
What does 3 and 5 DNA mean?
Each end of DNA molecule has a number. One end is referred to as 5′ (five prime) and the other end is referred to as 3′ (three prime). The 5′ and 3′ designations refer to
the number of carbon atom in a deoxyribose sugar molecule to which a phosphate group bonds
.
Is Adenylic acid a nucleoside?
Adenosine monophosphate (AMP), also known as 5′-adenylic acid, is a
nucleotide
. AMP consists of a phosphate group, the sugar ribose, and the nucleobase adenine; it is an ester of phosphoric acid and the nucleoside adenosine. … AMP is also a component in the synthesis of RNA.
Is DNA read 3 to 5?
DNA is only synthesized in the 5′ to 3′ direction
. You can determine the sequence of a complementary strand if you are given the sequence of the template strand. These two strands are complementary, with each base in one sticking to its partner on the other.
Is RNA translated 5 to 3?
Genetic code
During transcription, the RNA polymerase read the template DNA strand in the 3′→5′ direction, but the mRNA is formed in the 5′ to 3′ direction. … The codons of the mRNA reading frame are
translated
in the 5′→3′ direction into amino acids by a ribosome to produce a polypeptide chain.
Why is DNA only synthesized from 5 to 3?
Because the original strands
of DNA are antiparallel
, and only one continuous new strand can be synthesised at the 3′ end of the leading strand due to the intrinsic 5′-3′ polarity of DNA polymerases, the other strand must grow discontinuously in the opposite direction.
What is the pitch of B DNA?
| Geometry attribute A-DNA B-DNA | Pitch/turn of helix 28.2 Å (2.82 nm) 33.2 Å (3.32 nm) | Mean propeller twist +18° +16° | Glycosyl angle anti anti | Sugar pucker C3′-endo C2′-endo |
|---|
What 4 bases does DNA contain?
There are four nucleotides, or bases, in DNA:
adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T)
.
What is the complementary strand of 5 ATTGCA3?
| Term If one strand of a DNA molecule has the sequence of bases 5’ATTGCA3′, the other complementary strand would have the sequence Definition 5’TGCAAT3′ | Term Which of the following statements best summarizes the differences between DNA and RNA? Definition DNA nucleotides contain a different sugar than RNA nucleotides. |
|---|
Is RNA a copy of DNA?
RNA is
synthesized from DNA
by an enzyme known as RNA polymerase during a process called transcription. The new RNA sequences are complementary to their DNA template, rather than being identical copies of the template. RNA is then translated into proteins by structures called ribosomes.
How is the information in a DNA molecule expressed?
A gene that encodes a polypeptide is expressed in two steps. In this process, information flows from
DNA → RNA → protein
, a directional relationship known as the central dogma of molecular biology. Transcription: One strand of the gene’s DNA is copied into RNA.
