Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium requires
no immigration or emigration
, a large population, random mating, and no spontaneous mutations (all of which are virtually unavoidable in nature). Natural selection would violate these conditions.
What are the 5 requirements for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
Key points: When a population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for a gene, it is not evolving, and allele frequencies will stay the same across generations. There are five basic Hardy-Weinberg assumptions:
no mutation, random mating, no gene flow, infinite population size, and no selection.
Which does not affect Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
The Hardy-Weinberg Law states: In a large, random-mating population that is not affected by the
evolutionary processes of mutation
, migration, or selection, both the allele frequencies and the genotype frequencies are constant from generation to generation.
What is the term used to describe the accumulation of small changes in the gene pool of a species overtime?
Microevolution
is the accumulation of small changes in a gene pool over a relatively short period.
What is one condition that must be met for a population to be in genetic equilibrium?
The Hardy-Weinberg model states that a population will remain at genetic equilibrium as long as five conditions are met: (1)
No change in the DNA sequence
, (2) No migration, (3) A very large population size, (4) Random mating, and (5) No natural selection.
What causes deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
Small Population Sizes:
Genetic Drift
In a small population, the sampling of gametes and fertilization to create zygotes causes random error in allele frequencies
. This results in a deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium. This deviation is larger at small sample sizes and smaller at large sample sizes.
What are the 5 evolutionary mechanisms?
There are five key mechanisms that cause a population, a group of interacting organisms of a single species, to exhibit a change in allele frequency from one generation to the next. These are evolution by:
mutation, genetic drift, gene flow, non-random mating, and natural selection
(previously discussed here).
What occurs if at least one of the five conditions of Hardy Weinberg equilibrium are not met?
Do allele and genotype frequencies often change overtime in real populations? Five conditions of Hardy Weinberg equilibrium that cause changes to occur if at least one is not met. … If
inbreeding happens
, random mixing of gametes does not occur, and genotype frequencies change. 3.
What are the assumptions of Hardy Weinberg equilibrium?
Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) is a null model of the relationship between allele and genotype frequencies, both within and between generations, under assumptions of
no mutation, no migration, no selection, random mating, and infinite population size
.
How do you know if it’s in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium?
To know if a population is in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium scientists
have to observe at least two generations
. If the allele frequencies are the same for both generations then the population is in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium.
What are 4 mechanisms of evolution?
Those factors are
natural selection, mutation, genetic drift, and migration (gene flow)
.
Which of the below are conditions for evolution by natural selection?
Four conditions are needed for natural selection to occur:
reproduction, heredity, variation in fitness or organisms, variation in individual characters among members of the population
. If they are met, natural selection automatically results.
What is homozygous condition?
Homozygous
Homozygous is a
genetic condition where an individual inherits the same alleles for a particular gene from both parents
.
What are the three main mechanisms that can cause changes in allele frequency?
Natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow
are the mechanisms that cause changes in allele frequencies over time.
Which of the following does not generate genetic variation within a population?
Adaptation
is the answer.
What is a possible explanation for why a population may not be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
What is a possible explanation for why a population may not be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
Evolution is occurring on a trait in the population
. When we say “populations evolve, not individuals,” what does this mean? Individuals cannot change their genetic makeup, but genotype frequencies in a population can change.
Which of the following must be true in order for a specific allele in a population to remain in a state of equilibrium?
Which of the following must be true in order for a specific allele in a population to remain in a state of equilibrium? Correct Answer(s) :
No mutation, natural selection, or gene flow occur in relation
to a specific allele.
Which type of speciation does not require a geographical barrier?
In allopatric speciation, groups become reproductively isolated and diverge due to a geographical barrier. In
sympatric speciation
, reproductive isolation and divergence occur without geographical barriers—for example, by polyploidy.
Are there influences that deviate from the Hardy Weinberg principle?
Objective: Departure from Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) may occur due to a variety of causes, including
purifying selection, inbreeding, population substructure, copy number variation
or genotyping error.
What does the Hardy-Weinberg law of equilibrium assume Anthro quizlet?
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium assumes:
no gene flow, mutation, genetic drift, or natural selection
. “Fitness,” in an evolutionary sense, refers to an individual’s: reproductive success.
Which is not a condition required for allele frequencies to remain the same over time?
In an equilibrium population, allele and genotype frequencies do not change over time. The conditions that must be met are
no mutation
, no migration, very large population size, random mating, and no natural selection.
What has to occur for evolution not occur?
Natural selection can only cause
extinction
it can not create new forms. Changes in the DNA must create new forms these changes do not occur by natural selection but by mutations. … Evolution changes within a species occur by mutation. These changes make the species better adapted to the environment.
What conditions must be met for evolution to occur?
Evolution is a consequence of the interaction of four factors: (1)
the potential for a species to increase in number
, (2) the genetic variation of individuals in a species due to mutation and sexual reproduction, (3) competition for an environment’s limited supply of the resources that individuals need in order to …
What are the assumptions of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium quizlet?
What are the assumptions of Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium?
large populations, no genetic drift, no natural selection/mutation or migration
, no assortative mating /sexual selection or inbreeding.
Which of the following is an assumption of the Hardy-Weinberg model quizlet?
The Hardy-Weinberg model makes the following assumptions:
no selection at the gene in question
; no genetic drift; no gene flow; no mutation; random mating.
What is a heterozygous condition?
Heterozygous
Heterozygous refers
to having inherited different forms of a particular gene from each parent
. A heterozygous genotype stands in contrast to a homozygous genotype, where an individual inherits identical forms of a particular gene from each parent.
What are the three conditions of natural selection?
The essence of Darwin’s theory is that natural selection will occur if three conditions are met. These conditions, highlighted in bold above, are a struggle for
existence, variation and inheritance
. These are said to be the necessary and sufficient conditions for natural selection to occur.
What are the 4 main principles of natural selection?
There are four principles at work in evolution—
variation, inheritance, selection and time
. These are considered the components of the evolutionary mechanism of natural selection.
What are the 4 steps in natural selection?
- Variation. Organisms (within populations) exhibit individual variation in appearance and behavior. …
- Inheritance. Some traits are consistently passed on from parent to offspring. …
- High rate of population growth. …
- Differential survival and reproduction.
Which pair of alleles are not identical?
If the two alleles are the same, the individual is homozygous for that gene. If the alleles are different, the individual is
heterozygous
.
What do you mean by H * * * * * * * * * and heterozygous?
Homozygous
and heterozygous are terms that are used to describe allele pairs. Individuals carrying two identical alleles (RR or rr) are known as homozygous. While individual organisms bearing different alleles (Rr) are known as heterozygous.
What conditions are required for natural selection quizlet?
The three conditions that must be met in order for natural selection to occur and result in evolutionary change are
traits, inherited, and selection pressure
.
What are the conditions of natural selection quizlet?
conditions required for natural selection to occur. These include:
overproduction of offspring, inherited variation, and the struggle to survive
, which result in differential reproductive success.
Which of the following conditions are required for evolution to occur quizlet?
Which of the following conditions are required for evolution to occur?
Traits must be heritable
. Individuals within a population must vary in their ability to compete for resources. Resources in the environment must be limited.
