- large amounts of fetal hemoglobin.
- low PaO2.
- presence of LDH.
- presence of prostaglandins.
What factor contributes to increased likelihood of an upper airway obstruction in an infant compared to an adult?
The infant tongue
is larger in proportion to the size of the mouth than the adult tongue. This relatively large size also contributes to obstruction of the airway during sedation, inhalational induction of anesthesia, or emergence fiom anes- thesia.
Which factors contribute to maintaining a patent ductus arteriosus during fetal life?
Which factors contribute to maintaining a patent ductus arteriosus during fetal life?
The relatively low PO2 and various prostaglandins in fetal blood
cause the ductus arteriosus, a muscular vessel attached to the trunk of the pulmonary artery and the aorta, to dilate and the pulmonary arteries to constrict.
Which factor contributes to increased likelihood of an upper airway obstruction in an infant compared to an adult quizlet?
21. What factor contributes to increased likelihood of an upper airway obstruction in an infant compared to an adult?
Infant neck flexion causes acute airway obstruction
. Although the head is larger, an infant’s nasal passages are proportionately smaller than are an adult’s.
What maintains lung inflation during fetal development?
What maintains lung inflation during fetal development?
Fetal lung fluid
is constantly produced and keeps the fetal lung inflated at a slight positive pressure with respect to amniotic fluid pressure and is important in promoting normal lung development.
During which phase of fetal development do mature alveoli appear?
True alveoli become evident as
early as 36 weeks’ gestation
, initiating the alveolar phase of lung development. The development of primary alveoli is followed by a further expansion of the gas-exchange surface area through the formation of septae or secondary crests (see Alveolarization, later).
What is the primary mechanism that stops the lungs from collapsing at the end of exhalation?
The pathway for exhalation is the movement of air out of the conducting zone, to the external environment during breathing. Respiratory System: As the diaphragm relaxes, the
pleural cavity contracts
, which exerts pressure on the lungs, which reduces the volume of the lungs as air is passively pushed out of the lungs.
At what age does separation anxiety begin in an infant?
Facts about separation anxiety
Once your infant realizes you’re really gone (when you are), it may leave them unsettled. Although some babies display object permanence and separation anxiety as early as 4 to 5 months of age, most develop more robust separation anxiety at
around 9 months
.
What happens when airway resistance increases?
Bronchospasm, mucus plugging, and edema in the peripheral airways
result in increased airway resistance and obstruction. Air trapping results in lung hyperinflation, ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch, and increased dead space ventilation.
What percentage of right ventricular output is circulated through the fetal lungs quizlet?
What percentage of right ventricular output is circulated through the fetal lungs? As a result,
90%
of the blood flow entering the pulmonary artery takes the path of least resistance by shunting through the ductus arteriosus and flows to the aorta. Only 10% flows into the lungs.
What is normal amount of anatomic dead space found in a healthy lung quizlet?
The anatomical dead space does not change unless parts of the lungs are removed. No gas exchange takes place in the conducting airways. In normal adult lungs, dead space is
approximately 1 mL per pound of ideal body weight
.
Why do most aspirated objects and fluids end up in the right mainstem bronchus?
105. Why do most aspirated objects and fluids end up in the right mainstem bronchus instead of the left mainstem bronchus?
The right bronchus is more in line with the trachea.
What is the placement of the heart in regards to the trachea?
The mediastinum
is an important region of the body located between the lungs. Structures that lie in this region include the heart, the esophagus, the trachea, and large blood vessels including the aorta. The mediastinum is also home to lymph nodes. Nerthuz/Getty Images.
What are the 5 stages of lung development?
The life of a human lung can be subdivided into five distinct phases:
embryonic, pseudoglandular, canalicular, saccular, and alveolar
. The embryonic period, during which the lung primordium is laid down as a diverticulum of the foregut, lasts for about seven weeks.
Do embryos have lungs?
When a foetus (unborn baby) is in the womb,
their lungs are filled with fluid
. As soon as a baby is born, they need to start using their lungs to breathe and get oxygen from the air. Hormones and the pressure generated by the newborn’s loud cries help the lungs to remove the liquid that was in your baby’s lungs.
What trimester does the lungs mature?
At
37 to 40 weeks
, your baby is full-term. The baby’s lungs are mature and ready to work on their own. During this month the baby gains about 1/4 to 1/2 pound a week.
