Electron affinity generally decreases going down a group and increases left to right across a period. Nonmetals tend to have the highest electron affinities.
Which group has the highest electron affinity?
Chlorine has the highest electron affinity among the elements. Its high electron affinity can be attributed to its large atomic radius, or size. Because chlorine’s outermost orbital is 3p, its electrons have a large amount of space to share with an incoming electron.
Which period has highest electron affinity?
| Ionisation Energy (KJ/mol) | First 801 | Second 2430 | Third 3660 | Fourth 25000 |
|---|
Where is electron affinity the highest?
In general, elements with the most negative electron affinities (the highest affinity for an added electron) are those with the smallest size and highest ionization energies and are located in the upper right corner of the periodic table .
What are the exceptions to electron affinity?
In general, exceptions arise when new subshells are being filled/half-filled , or in cases where the atom is too small. In the first case, Be and Mg are interesting examples: they have a positive electron affinity (just like N, in fact) because of the energy difference between the s and p subshells.
What has the lowest electron affinity?
What is the lowest electron affinity? Metals are more likely to lose electrons than they are to gain them. Of the metals, mercury has the lowest electron affinity.
Which metal has the highest electron affinity?
Fluorine . D . Oxygen. Hint: We should remember that the element which will release the most amount of energy on adding an electron in its isolated gaseous atom will posse’s highest electron affinity in the periodic table.
Which element in Period 2 has the highest electron affinity?
(c)- Period 2, group 18. (d)- Period 2, group 1. Hint: The element which has the highest affinity belongs to the halogen group . The number of shells in the element is 3.
Why does CL have more electron affinity than F?
This is due to the reason explained below: Fluorine has seven electrons in 2p-subshell whereas chlorine has seven electrons in its 3p-subshell. ... Since, energy released during the formation of Cl− (g) ion is more than that released in case of F−(g) ion, the electron affinity of chlorine is more than that of fluorine.
Why chlorine has highest electron gain enthalpy?
Among the 4 halogen atoms mentioned above, the atom element which will have a greater value of electron gain enthalpy will be chlorine. ... But, chlorine is large in size and has comparatively low value of electronegativity than fluorine. Thus, it accepts an electron easily and has the highest electron gain enthalpy value.
Which has higher electron affinity O or SE?
As we go down the group the size of the elements increases and the electron gain enthalpy decreases. So, the order of electron affinity must be highest in the oxygen and least in selenium according to electron gain enthalpy.
What is meant by electron affinity?
1 : the degree to which an atom or molecule attracts additional electrons . 2 : the minimum energy required to remove an electron from a negative ion to produce a neutral atom or molecule.
Which has the most negative electron affinity?
Recall that electron affinity is the energy change from the addition of 1 e – to a gaseous element/ion. The trend for electron affinity is as follows: it increases from left to right and decreases down a period in the periodic table. This means Cl has the most negative electron affinity.
What causes a positive electron affinity?
Electron affinities of the elements
Generally, nonmetals have more positive E ea than metals. ... This is caused by the filling of the valence shell of the atom ; a group 17 atom releases more energy than a group 1 atom on gaining an electron because it obtains a filled valence shell and therefore is more stable.
What is the first electron affinity?
The first electron affinity is the energy released when 1 mole of gaseous atoms each acquire an electron to form 1 mole of gaseous -1 ions . It is the energy released (per mole of X) when this change happens. ... When an electron is added to a metal element, energy is needed to gain that electron (endothermic reaction).
