regulation of gene expression
What is an example of post translational control?
Such post-translational modifications are generally reversible, one enzyme adds the modifying group and another can remove it. For example,
proteins are phosphorylated by enzymes known as protein kinases, while protein phosphotases remove such phosphate groups
.
Which of the following are involved in posttranscriptional control?
Which of the following are involved in post-transcriptional control? Answer d. All of the above (
control of RNA splicing, RNA shuttling, and RNA stability
) are involved in post-transcriptional control.
What is involved in post-transcriptional control quizlet?
What is involved in post transcriptional control?
Control of RNA splicing, control of RNA shuttling, and control of RNA stability
.
What are post-transcriptional and post translational process?
Post-transcriptional mechanisms based on alternative splicing and RNA processing, as well as RNA silencing define the actual transcriptome supporting the cold stress response. Post-translational modifications such as ubiquitination and sumoylation regulate the activity of preexisting molecules.
What are three ways that post translational gene regulation can be achieved?
RNA processing, such as splicing, capping, and poly-A tail addition
. Messenger RNA (mRNA) translation and lifetime in the cytosol. Protein modifications, such as addition of chemical groups.
What are the 4 types of post-translational modifications?
These modifications include
phosphorylation, glycosylation, ubiquitination, nitrosylation, methylation, acetylation, lipidation and proteolysis
and influence almost all aspects of normal cell biology and pathogenesis.
What do translational controls regulate?
Translational control governs
the efficiency of mRNAs
and thus plays an important role in modulating the expression of many genes that respond to endogenous or exogenous signals such as nutrient supply, hormones, or stress.
Which of the following is not an example of post translational modification?
Which of the following is not a post-translational modification? Explanation:
DNA methylation
is not a post-translational modification. It is a biological process in which DNA molecules are methylated. Lipidation, protein phosphorylation, and proteolytic processing are proteolytic processing.
What are 4 mechanisms of post-transcriptional regulation?
After being produced, the stability and distribution of the different transcripts is regulated (post-transcriptional regulation) by means of RNA binding protein (RBP) that control the various steps and rates controlling events such as
alternative splicing, nuclear degradation (exosome), processing, nuclear export (
…
Which of the following RNA is used in post-transcriptional events?
Post-transcriptional modifications may also occur during the processing of other transcripts which ultimately become
transfer RNA, ribosomal RNA
, or any of the other types of RNA used by the cell.
Which of the following is an example of translational control of gene expression in eukaryotes?
An interesting example of translational control is the
switch between cap-independent and cap-dependent translation during the eukaryotic cell cycle
.
What is the role of Agrobacterium tumefaciens in the production of transgenic plants quizlet?
What is the role of Agrobacterium tumefaciens in the production of transgenic plants? It is
used to introduce desired DNA fragments into plant hosts
.
How are GMOs created quizlet?
GMOs can be transgenic (
taking specific DNA from another organism or species has been inserted and combined with the original organism
. ) This Process is called recombination DNA technology, which the combination of genes has been successfully transferred into an organism giving it altered better genes.
How phosphorylation of proteins can alter gene expression?
Because proteins are involved in every stage of gene regulation, the phosphorylation of a protein (depending on the protein that is modified) can alter accessibility to the chromosome, can alter translation (
by altering transcription factor binding or function
), can change nuclear shuttling (by influencing …
Which of the following occur during post-transcriptional processing?
The three post-transcriptional modifications are
splicing, capping and tailing
. Transcription is the formation of RNA from DNA. The genetic information present in the DNA is copied to RNA, which further codes for proteins.
Where does post-translational modification occur in eukaryotes?
Post-translational modifications can occur
on the amino acid side chains or at the protein’s C- or N- termini
. They can extend the chemical repertoire of the 20 standard amino acids by modifying an existing functional group or introducing a new one such as phosphate.
Where do post-translational modifications occur MCAT?
Many post-translational modifications happen in
the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus
.
What are the three types of post-transcriptional processing?
In this section, we will discuss the three processes that make up these post- transcriptional modifications:
5′ capping, addition of the poly A tail, and splicing
.
Where does translational control occur?
mRNA-specific translational control is driven by RNA sequences and/or structures that are commonly located
in the untranslated regions of the transcript
. These features are usually recognized by regulatory proteins or micro RNAs (miRNAs).
What are the three steps of post-transcriptional modification?
The three post-transcriptional modifications are:
5′ capping, poly A tail addition, and splicing
.
What occurs during post translational processing?
A posttranslational modification (PTM) is a biochemical modification that
occurs to one or more amino acids on a protein after the protein has been translated by a ribosome
.
What are the most common post-translational modifications?
Protein phosphorylation
(Figure 2) is the most commonly studied post-translational modification. It has been estimated that one-third of mammalian proteins may be phosphorylated, and this modification often plays a key role in modulating protein function.
What occurs during post-translational modification quizlet?
Post-translational modifications are
changes to proteins that are made after translation has occurred
. What are the amino acids that can be phosphorylated? Serine, tyrosine, and threonine. These are the only amino acids with a hydroxyl group.
What is post-translational control in eukaryotes?
Post-translational regulation refers to
the control of the levels of active protein
. There are several forms. It is performed either by means of reversible events (posttranslational modifications, such as phosphorylation or sequestration) or by means of irreversible events (proteolysis).
What are examples of translational regulation?
Regulation by phosphorylation of eIF2 is largely associated with the termination of translation initiation.
Serine kinases, GCN2, PERK, PKR, and HRI
are examples of detection mechanisms for differing cellular stresses that respond by slowing translation through eIF2 phosphorylation.
What molecule is being regulated in post-translational regulation?
MicroRNA (miRNA)
, a new class of RNA molecules that governs post-translational regulation of gene expression in eukaryotic cells, is being recognized as a novel therapeutic target to treat various diseases including cancer.
