Which of the following are results from twin and adoption personality studies?
Identical twins raised apart have similar personality traits
. There appears to be little parental influence on adopted children's personalities.
What major conclusion about personality traits emerged from the twin studies?
Degree of emotional instability or stability. What major conclusion about personality traits emerged from the Minnesota twin study?
The studies of genetics and personality seem to indicate that variations in personality traits are about 25-50 percent inherited.
Which of the following are the basic aspects of temperament that are influenced by genes as identified by Buss and Plomin?
As an alternative to the Thomas and Chess model, Buss and Plomin (1975, 1984) initially proposed a model consisting of the four temperament dimension of
Emotionality (intensity of emotion), Activity (amount of physical energy), Sociability (closeness to others), and Impulsivity (quickness, disinhibition)
.
What were the findings of Bouchard's twin studies?
The research team found that
identical twins who are reared apart had the same chance of being similar as twins who were raised together
. Bouchard and his colleagues concluded that genetic factors have a large influence on behavioral habits demonstrating the influence of the genetics on development.
Which of the following are some challenges with cross cultural personality studies that rely on self reports quizlet?
Which of the following are some challenges with cross-cultural personality studies that rely on self-reports?
Western cultures might answer about themselves
. People rate themselves in comparison with others of their culture, which can make it difficult to discern patterns relating to the whole group.
What have twin studies shown about personality?
One study, the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart, studied 350 pairs of twins between 1979 and 1999. … Results revealed that
personalities of identical twins were similar whether they were raised in the same household or apart
, suggesting that some aspects of personality are influenced by genetics.
How does genetics and environment influence the similarities and differences within twins?
Any differences between identical twins is expected to be due to environmental factors since
they are genetically identical
, whereas fraternal twins only share half of their genes on average. … When a genetic influence is dominant, the identical twins would have more trait similarity than fraternal twins.
Is sociability inherited?
Can you count your friends on one hand? Or are you constantly double-booked? The answer is
likely to lie in your genes
, according to a new study, “Model of genetic variation in human social networks”, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA.
How much of temperament is genetic?
Scientists estimate that
20 to 60 percent of temperament
is determined by genetics. Temperament, however, does not have a clear pattern of inheritance and there are not specific genes that confer specific temperamental traits.
How does genetics affect a child's development?
As we all know, genes from our parents influence
everything from height, weight, eye color, and other physical characteristics
, to behavioral patterns in achievement, intelligence and motivation.
Why are twin studies unethical?
The study, which has since been criticized for being unethical — for example, neither the children's biological parents nor the adopting families were informed — was an attempt to get at the central psychological questions of “nature versus nurture” and the “twinning reaction.”
Who was the first person to study twins?
The twin method is usually credited to
Francis Galton's
1875 article on twins. However, Galton did not propose the comparison between identical and fraternal twin resemblance which is the essence of the twin method.
Why do we use twin studies?
We study twins to
understand how much of the difference in a trait between people is caused by genes and how much is caused by the environment
. These studies are important because they help scientists quantify genetic and modifiable environmental factors that increase the risk of certain diseases.
Which of the following helps shape our personality quizlet?
What forces shape our personalities? Personality is shaped by
the combined forces of biological, situational, and mental processes
—all embedded in a sociocultural and developmental context.
How does self esteem relate to life outcomes quizlet?
How does self-esteem relate to life outcomes?
People with higher self-esteem report being much happier
. People who consider themselves to be smarter or more attractive do not necessarily exhibit these traits objectively. Violent criminals and bullies often have very high self-esteem.
What are the big five personality traits?
The five broad personality traits described by the theory are extraversion
(also often spelled extroversion), agreeableness, openness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism
. The five basic personality traits is a theory developed in 1949 by D. W.
