Causes of mental retardation include fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol effect ; brain damage caused by the use of prescription or illegal drugs during pregnancy; brain injury and disease; and genetic disorders, such as Down syndrome and fragile X syndrome.
Which of the following disorders cause mental retardation in humans?
Specific examples of metabolic disorders with prominent MRDD include phenylketonuria, maternal phenylketonuria, Lesch-Nyhan, galactosemia, and adrenoleukodystrophy. o Down Syndrome is the leading genetic cause of mental retardation, occurring in about 1/800-1000 births.
Which of the following is known to cause mental retardation?
The majority of causes come from Down Syndrome, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, and Fragile X Syndrome . Genetic causes occur when errors are made when genes combine. Chromosome errors result in Down Syndrome and Fragile X Syndrome. This is the most common cause of mental retardation.
What are 3 factors that may cause mental retardation?
A number of factors including environmental factors, genetic factors, malnutrition, maternal use of alcohol during pregnancy, drug and poverty are responsible for MR. The congenital dysfunction of brain and injury of brain can also cause MR.
What causes mental retardation in brain?
Cypin is restricted to a few regions in the brain, most notably the hippocampus , which controls learning and memory. Faulty dendrite branching there is likely to cause retardation.
What is mental retardation and types?
Mental retardation comprises five general categories: borderline, mild, moderate, severe and profound . Categories are based on scores obtained through use of age-standardized tests of cognitive ability (Table 1).
What are the 4 levels of an intellectual disability?
- mild.
- moderate.
- severe.
- profound.
What are the common characteristics of persons with mental retardation?
- Rolling over, sitting up, crawling, or walking late.
- Talking late or having trouble with talking.
- Slow to master things like potty training, dressing, and feeding themselves.
- Difficulty remembering things.
- Inability to connect actions with consequences.
What are the examples of intellectual disability?
ID may be isolated but is very often intertwined with other neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism , motor or sensory difficulties (hearing, vision), serious sleep and eating disorders, and medical conditions such as epilepsy, as well as a wide variety of psychopathologic problems, including anxiety, depression, ...
Can mental retardation be treated?
A small study of 30 people with the most common inherited form of mental retardation has found encouraging evidence that some symptoms of the disorder can be alleviated with drugs .
How can we prevent mental retardation?
Prenatal diagnosis, newborn screening, dietary supplementation or restriction, hormone replacement, vaccination , and immunotherapy are just some of the techniques that have been applied to prevent mental retardation.
What is the most common cause of intellectual disability?
Some of the most common known causes of intellectual disability include fetal alcohol syndrome disorder ; genetic and chromosomal conditions, such as Down syndrome and fragile X syndrome; and certain infections during pregnancy.
Who can diagnose intellectual disability?
Intellectual disability is identified by problems in both intellectual and adaptive functioning. Intellectual functioning is assessed with an exam by a doctor and through standardized testing.
What are the top 5 mental illnesses?
- Anxiety Disorders. The most common category of mental health disorders in America impacts approximately 40 million adults 18 and older. ...
- Mood Disorders. ...
- Psychotic Disorders. ...
- Dementia. ...
- Eating disorders.
What are the 5 signs of mental illness?
- Excessive paranoia, worry, or anxiety.
- Long-lasting sadness or irritability.
- Extreme changes in moods.
- Social withdrawal.
- Dramatic changes in eating or sleeping pattern.
How is the brain affected by mental illnesses?
Most scientists believe that mental illnesses result from problems with the communication between neurons in the brain (neurotransmission). For example, the level of the neurotransmitter serotonin is lower in individuals who have depression. This finding led to the development of certain medications for the illness.
