Beck’s cognitive model of depression, which
posits that depressive symptoms are generated and maintained by a combination of maladaptive cognitions
, has been the predominant theory of depression dating back to its conception over 40 years ago.
What is cognitive theory of depression?
Beck’s cognitive model of depression, which
posits that depressive symptoms are generated and maintained by a combination of maladaptive cognitions
, has been the predominant theory of depression dating back to its conception over 40 years ago.
Which of the following statements is true about individuals with seasonal affective disorder sad?
The specific cause of seasonal affective disorder remains unknown. Some factors that may come into play include: Your biological clock (circadian rhythm).
The reduced level of sunlight in fall and winter may cause winter
-onset SAD .
Which of the following brain abnormalities has been implicated in depression?
The main subcortical limbic brain regions implicated in depression are the
amygdala, hippocampus, and the dorsomedial thalamus
. Both structural and functional abnormalities in these areas have been found in depression. Decreased hippocampal volumes (10, 25) have been noted in subjects with depression.
Which perspective would conclude that depression is a learned behavior?
According to
behavioral theory
, dysfunctional or unhelpful behavior such as depression is learned. Because depression is learned, behavioral psychologists suggest that it can also be unlearned.
What is cognitive theory?
Cognitive theories are characterized by their focus on the idea that
how and what people think leads to the arousal of emotions
and that certain thoughts and beliefs lead to disturbed emotions and behaviors and others lead to healthy emotions and adaptive behavior.
Which of the following is a component of the depressive cognitive triad quizlet?
Which of the following is a component of the depressive cognitive triad?
Interpreting ongoing experiences in a negative light, Pessimistic thoughts about the future
, and Negative thoughts about oneself. generate thoughts that cause them to become depressed.
Is seasonal affective disorder in the DSM 5?
Seasonal affective disorder* is a form of depression also known as SAD, seasonal depression or winter depression. In the Diagnostic Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), this disorder is identified as a
type of depression – Major Depressive Disorder with Seasonal Pattern
.
Who suffers from seasonal affective disorder?
Seasonal affective disorder occurs in
0.5 to 3 percent of individuals in the general population
; it affects 10 to 20 percent of people with major depressive disorder and about 25 percent of people with bipolar disorder.
How many people in the US are diagnosed with seasonal affective disorder?
If you suffer from these symptoms, you may have seasonal affective disorder (SAD), a type of depression related to changes in the seasons. SAD affects an
estimated 10 million Americans
, with women four times more likely to be diagnosed with it than men.
What happens to brain during depression?
There’s growing evidence that several parts of the brain shrink in people with depression. Specifically, these areas
lose gray matter volume (GMV)
. That’s tissue with a lot of brain cells. GMV loss seems to be higher in people who have regular or ongoing depression with serious symptoms.
How does depression impact the brain?
Hypoxia, or reduced oxygen, has also been linked with depression. The result of the brain not getting adequate amounts of oxygen can include
inflammation and injury to and death of brain cells
. In turn, these changes in the brain impact learning, memory, and mood.
Which of the following neurotransmitters have been implicated most often in depression?
Norepinephrine helps our bodies to recognize and respond to stressful situations. Researchers suggest that people who are vulnerable to depression may have a norepinephrinergic system that doesn’t handle the effects of stress very efficiently. The
neurotransmitter dopamine
is also linked to depression.
How does cognitive psychology explain behavior?
The cognitive approach to behaviour views human beings as processors of information much in the same way as a computer processes information. The cognitive approach to behaviour focuses on areas of research such as schema processing, memory processing, and thinking, and how cognition may
influence behaviour
.
How would behavioral perspective treat depression?
The main idea behind BA as a treatment for depression is “
to allow patients with depressive symptoms to learn to cope with their negativity”
and to “increase positive awareness through the re-development of personal goals in the form of short, medium and long-term life goals” (Chan et al., 2017).
How does cognitive theory explain anxiety?
Cognitive theory has explained
anxiety as the tendency to overestimate the potential for danger
. Patients with anxiety disorder tend to imagine the worst possible scenario and avoid situations they think are dangerous, such as crowds, heights, or social interaction.
What are the 3 main cognitive theories?
There are three important cognitive theories. The three cognitive theories are
Piaget’s developmental theory, Lev Vygotsky’s social cultural cognitive theory, and the information process theory
. Piaget believed that children go through four stages of cognitive development in order to be able to understand the world.
What are the components that make up the depressive cognitive triad?
The triad refers to
thoughts about self, world, and future
. In all the three instances, depressed individuals tend to have negative views.
Who did the cognitive theory?
Perhaps the most significant contributor to developmental cognitive theory was
Jean Piaget
(1896–1980) (Piaget, 1952). He observed infants in a context, and used movement to understand what children were thinking.
What is the main point of cognitive theory?
What is the main idea of cognitive learning theory? The main assumption of cognitive theory is that
thoughts are the primary determinants of emotions and behavior
. The cognitive approach to learning believes that internal mental processes can be scientifically studied.
What is included in Beck’s negative triad quizlet?
The three forms of negative thinking that Aaron Beck theorizes lead people to feel depressed. The triad consists of
a negative view of one’s experiences, oneself, and the future
.
Under which of the following circumstances would we expect children to be least likely to imitate an aggressive model?
Under which of the following circumstances would we expect children to be least likely to imitate an aggressive model?
When the model is punished for aggressive behavior
. externals are more susceptible to depression, consistent with research on learned helplessness.
What is the DSM-5 code for major depression?
Major Depressive Disorder DSM-5
296.20-296.36
(ICD-10-CM Multiple Codes)
What is Seasonal Affective Disorder Research?
Seasonal affective disorder or SAD is
a recurrent major depressive disorder with a seasonal pattern usually beginning in fall and continuing into winter months
. A subsyndromal type of SAD, or S-SAD, is commonly known as “winter blues.” Less often, SAD causes depression in the spring or early summer.
What actually causes depression?
There’s no single cause of depression
. It can occur for a variety of reasons and it has many different triggers. For some people, an upsetting or stressful life event, such as bereavement, divorce, illness, redundancy and job or money worries, can be the cause. Different causes can often combine to trigger depression.
Is seasonal affective disorder the same as seasonal depression?
If so, you might have seasonal depression, also known as seasonal affective disorder (SAD). Seasonal depression is a mood disorder that
happens every year at the same time
. A rare form of seasonal depression, known as “summer depression,” begins in late spring or early summer and ends in fall.
What factors are believed to cause or contribute to seasonal affective disorder?
There is no clear cause of SAD.
Less sunlight and shorter days
are thought to be linked to a chemical change in the brain and may be part of the cause of seasonal affective disorder (SAD). Melatonin, a sleep-related hormone, also may be linked to SAD.
How many people in America have seasonal depression?
The individual must experience seasonal depressions much more frequently than any non-seasonal depressions. Seasonal affective disorder is estimated to affect
10 million Americans
. Another 10 percent to 20 percent may have mild SAD. SAD is four times more common in women than in men.
Which of the following is necessary for a diagnosis of bipolar I disorder?
The diagnosis of bipolar disorder type I (BPI) requires the presence of
a manic episode of at least 1 week’s duration or that leads to hospitalization or other significant impairment
in occupational or social functioning. The episode of mania cannot be caused by another medical illness or by substance abuse.
Can you have seasonal affective disorder and depression?
SAD is a type of depression, rather than a separate disorder. So people who have seasonal affective disorder
may have signs of depression
, including: Sadness.
Who is most affected by SAD?
SAD is four times more common in
women
than in men. Although some children and teenagers get SAD, it usually doesn’t start in people younger than age 20. Your chance of getting SAD goes down as you get older. SAD is also more common the farther north you go.
What 3 neurotransmitters are linked to depression?
A relationship appears to exist between the 3 main monoamine neurotransmitters in the brain (i.e.,
dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin
) and specific symptoms of major depressive disorder.
Which of the following is true of the neurotransmitter serotonin?
Which of the following is true of the neurotransmitter serotonin?
It is involved in the regulation of mood and attention
.
Which of the following neurotransmitters plays a major role in our experiencing depression?
Serotonin
plays a role in depression and anxiety. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, or SSRIs, can relieve depression by increasing serotonin levels in the brain.
What are 4 major causes of depression?
- Family history. …
- Illness and health issues. …
- Medication, drugs, and alcohol. …
- Personality.
What does depression look like in the brain?
Grey matter
in the brain refers to brain tissue that is made up of cell bodies and nerve cells. People with depression were shown to have thicker grey matter in parts of the brain involved in self-perception and emotions. This abnormality could be contributing to the problems someone with depression has in these areas.
What is the chemical in the brain that causes depression?
The three neurotransmitters implicated in depression are:
Dopamine
.
Norepinephrine
.
Serotonin
.
How does depression and anxiety affect the brain?
Anxiety and Depression Can
Cause Brain Cells to Malfunction
When your brain is in a constant state of stress or anxiety, the stems cells in your brain may begin to malfunction. When anxiety causes these cells to malfunction, the connection between the hippocampus and the amygdala becomes extremely rigid.
How does depression affect neuron function?
Basic and clinical studies demonstrate that depression is associated with reduced size of brain regions that
regulate mood and cognition
, including the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus, and decreased neuronal synapses in these areas.
What are the theories of cognitive psychology?
There are three major contributing theories in cognitive-derived therapies: Albert Ellis’ rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT)
Aaron Beck’s cognitive therapy
(CT) Donald Meichenbaum’s cognitive behavior therapy (CBT)
What is an example of cognitive theory?
Cognitive theory is an approach to psychology that
attempts to explain human behavior by understanding your thought processes
. 1 For example, a therapist is using principles of cognitive theory when they teach you how to identify maladaptive thought patterns and transform them into constructive ones.
What are examples of cognitive perspective?
Examples of Cognitive Perspective. Example 1:
Emily started college last summer and has not been able to improve her grades as much as her friends think she could
. What they don’t know is that Emily herself is not studying.
