The conflict theory
challenges the social disorganization theory of deviance, recognizes the inequality of the social system, and believes that gender, race, and social class impact patterns of crime and deviance.
In sociology, the social disorganization theory is a theory developed by the Chicago School,
related to ecological theories
. The theory directly links crime rates to neighbourhood ecological characteristics; a core principle of social disorganization theory that states location matters.
What are the 3 theories of deviance?
Strain theory, social disorganization theory, and cultural deviance theory
represent three functionalist perspectives on deviance in society.
What is strain theory deviance?
Strain Theory of Deviance
Strain theory, developed by sociologist Robert Merton,
posits that when people are prevented from achieving culturally approved goals through institutional means, they experience strain or frustration that can lead to deviance
. … They may act out in a deviant manner.
Social disorganization theory specifies that several variables—residential instability, ethnic diversity, family disruption, economic status, population size or density, and proximity to urban areas—
influence a community’s capacity to develop and maintain strong systems of social relationships
.
Answered one of the main criticisms of Social Disorganization theory concerning structural factors impact on social control within a neighborhood. Biggest contribution was
in reformulating social control aspect of neighborhoods into three different types of social control that are affected by structural factors
.
Structural disadvantages such as
population heterogeneity, residential instability, and poor economic conditions hinder the formation of community cohesion by limiting informal social networks
and weakening a community’s ability to exercise effective informal social control over the activities that occur within its …
What are the 5 theories of deviance?
According to Merton, there are five types of deviance based upon these criteria:
conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreatism and rebellion
. Merton’s typology is fascinating because it suggests that people can turn to deviance in the pursuit of widely accepted social values and goals.
What are the two types of deviance?
Formal deviance includes criminal violation of formally-enacted laws. Examples of formal deviance include
robbery, theft, rape, murder, and assault
. Informal deviance refers to violations of informal social norms, which are norms that have not been codified into law.
What are the four theories of deviance?
However, deviant behavior can also tiptoe over the line of criminal behavior. While there are many different sociological theories about crime, there are four primary perspectives about deviance:
Structural Functionalism, Social Strain Typology, Conflict Theory, and Labeling Theory.
What is an example of general strain theory?
Examples include
parental rejection, criminal victimization, a desperate need for money, and discrimination
. These strains increase crime for several reasons; most notably, they lead to a range of negative emotions, which create pressure for corrective action. Crime is one possible response.
What is strain theory examples?
For example,
individuals experiencing chronic unemployment may engage in theft or drug selling to obtain money
, seek revenge against the person who fired them, or take illicit drugs in an effort to feel better. … All strain theories acknowledge that only a minority of strained individuals turn to crime.
How does general strain theory explain crime?
General Strain theory (GST) is a part of the social structure theories of crime, which
“fit the positivist mode in that they contend that these social forces push or influence people to commit crime”
(Brown, Esbensen, & Geis, 2013, p. 266).
- The social processes under the three main heads-cultural, political and economic.
- Cultural lag.
- Conflicting attitudes and values.
- Social crises.
Which of the following are common criticisms of social disorganization theory?
It fails to account for troubled neighborhoods that have strong, viable organizations
. It seems to blame the victims. … Social problems increase when neighborhoods have deteriorating buildings and declining populations.
Social disorganization theory is one of the most enduring place-based theories of crime. Developed by
Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay
, this theory shifted criminological scholarship from a focus on the pathology of people to the pathology of places.
