The social cognitive theory of moral development
assesses the difference between the adolescent’s ability to produce moral behavior (moral competence) and his or her ability to implement moral behaviors in specific situations (moral performance).
What theory of morality emphasizes a distinction between an individual’s moral competence and his or her moral performance?
Models of moral behavior include parents, peers, and media figures. Competencies are based on cognitive capacity, demonstrated behavior, and awareness of morality rules.
Social cognitive theory
emphasizes the distinction between moral thought and moral action; that is, performing moral behavior when it is warranted.
What is Kohlberg’s conventional stage of morality?
Conventional morality is
the second stage of moral development
, and is characterized by an acceptance of social rules concerning right and wrong. At the conventional level (most adolescents and adults), we begin to internalize the moral standards of valued adult role models.
What is Preconventional morality?
At the preconventional level,
morality is externally controlled
. Rules imposed by authority figures are conformed to in order to avoid punishment or receive rewards. This perspective involves the idea that what is right is what one can get away with or what is personally satisfying. Level 1 has two stages.
What is Carol Gilligan theory of moral development?
Gilligan’s work on moral development outlines
how a woman’s morality is influenced by relationships and how women form their moral and ethical foundation based on how their decisions will affect others
. She believes that women tend to develop morality in stages.
What is the highest level of morality?
According to Kohlberg’s theory, individuals who reach the highest level of post-conventional moral reasoning judge moral issues based on deeper principles and shared ideals rather than self-interest or adherence to laws and rules.
How should we define morality?
Morality refers to
the set of standards that enable people to live cooperatively in groups
. It’s what societies determine to be “right” and “acceptable.” Sometimes, acting in a moral manner means individuals must sacrifice their own short-term interests to benefit society.
How do emotions affect morality?
Emotions, in addition to rational thinking,
influences the way we make moral judgment and decisions
. Anxiety and empathy (and being sober) tend to make us less willing to sacrifice one to save many. Disgust and anger make us harsher judges and punishers of moral wrong-doing.
What age is conventional morality?
According to Kohlberg, an individual progresses from the capacity for pre-conventional morality (before age 9) to the capacity for conventional morality (
early adolescence
), and toward attaining post-conventional morality (once Piaget’s idea of formal operational thought is attained), which only a few fully achieve.
What is Postconventional?
Definition. Postconventional morality, a concept developed largely by psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg,
identifies the ethical reasoning of moral actors who make decisions based on rights, values, duties
, or principles that are (or could be) universalizable.
What is an example of Preconventional morality?
Preconventional morality –
young children under the age of 9
The first stage highlights the self-interest of children in their decision making as they seek to avoid punishment at all costs. In relation to our example above, the man should not steal the medication from the pharmacy as he may go to jail if he is caught.
What are the two phases of Preconventional morality?
There are two phases of preconventional morality.
The first phase is obedience and punishment. The second phase is self-interest
. In phase one, individual consequences form the basis for the morality of a decision.
What is an example of conventional morality?
Conventional Level
The morality of an action depends heavily on peer approval. Example:
I better not drink and drive because my friends will think less of me and I, in turn, will think less of myself.
What are the three steps in Carol Gilligan’s theory of moral development?
Gilligan’s theory focused on both care-based morality and justice-based morality by proposing three stages of moral development:
pre-conventional, conventional and post-conventional
.
What are the two 2 key points you have taken from the moral development theory of Carol Gilligan?
Gilligan’s theory is based on the two main ideas,
the care-based morality
(usually found in women) and the justice-based morality (usually found in men).
What is the difference between Gilligan and Kohlberg regarding morals?
The differences between Kohlberg and Gilligan boil down to whether males and females define “morality” differently — with men focusing on justice concerns, according to Kohlberg, and
females more focused on caring and relationship needs
, according to Gilligan.
