The three types of claims are;
causal
, frequency and association. Causal; validities most relevant; all the validities can be applied.
What are the 3 types of claims in psychology?
The three types of claims—
frequency claims, association claims, and causal claims
—make statements about variables or about relationships between variables.
What are the three types of claims in research?
The claim is the position being taken in the argument – the thesis. Three types of claims are as follows:
fact, value, and policy
. Claims of fact attempt to establish that something is or is not the case. Claims of value attempt to establish the overall worth, merit, or importance of something.
What are the three claims and four Validities?
This chapter introduces three kinds of claims:
frequency claims, association claims, and causal claims
.
What are the three criteria required for a causal claim?
The first three criteria are generally considered as requirements for identifying a causal effect:
(1) empirical association, (2) temporal priority of the indepen- dent variable, and (3) nonspuriousness
. You must establish these three to claim a causal relationship.
What Validities are important for frequency claims?
Ask appropriate questions that would help you interrogate each of the four big validities:
construct validity, statistical validity, external validity, and internal validity
.
What is the most common trade off between Validities?
Terms in this set (27) In most experiments, tradeoffs are made between validities because it is not possible to achieve all four at once. What is the most common tradeoff?
Increased internal validity results in decreased external validity
.
Which is the best example of a claim?
Claims are, essentially, the evidence that writers or speakers use to prove their point. Examples of Claim:
A teenager who wants a new cellular phone makes
the following claims: Every other girl in her school has a cell phone.
What are the 4 types of claims?
There are four common claims that can be made:
definitional, factual, policy, and value
.
What is an example of association claim?
Association claims involve at least TWO MEASURED VARIABLES. Variables that are associated are correlated. Example of Association Claim:
Single people eat fewer vegetables
.
How do you know if a study is internally valid?
- Your treatment and response variables change together.
- Your treatment precedes changes in your response variables.
- No confounding or extraneous factors can explain the results of your study.
Which type of claim is Dr LaSalle making?
LaSalle makes the claim: “
Research shows that making more money correlates with spending less time talking with your spouse
.”
What is the difference between internal and external validity?
Differences. The essential difference between internal and external validity is that internal validity refers
to the structure of a study and its variables
while external validity relates to how universal the results are.
What are the four rules of causality?
The four causes or four explanations are, in Aristotelian thought, four fundamental types of answer to the question “why?”, in analysis of change or movement in nature:
the material, the formal, the efficient, and the final.
What are the five rules of causation?
Causal statements must follow five rules: 1)
Clearly show the cause and effect relationship
. 2) Use specific and accurate descriptions of what occurred rather than negative and vague words. 3) Identify the preceding system cause of the error and NOT the human error.
How do you determine a causal relationship?
- The two variables must vary together.
- The relationship must be plausible.
- The cause must precede the effect in time.
- The relationship must be nonspurious (not due to a third variable).
