1.1 Rationalism and the Enlightenment.
René Descartes
‘ rationalist system of philosophy is one of the pillars on which Enlightenment thought rests.
What did John Locke believe in?
In political theory, or political philosophy, John Locke refuted the theory of the divine right of kings and argued that all
persons are endowed with natural rights to life, liberty, and property
and that rulers who fail to protect those rights may be removed by the people, by force if necessary.
Who is known as the father of liberalism?
These ideas were first unified as a distinct ideology by the English philosopher John Locke, generally regarded as the father of modern liberalism. Locke developed the radical notion that government acquires consent from the governed, which has to be constantly present for a government to remain legitimate.
What are John Locke's 3 natural rights?
Among these fundamental natural rights, Locke said, are “
life, liberty, and property
.” Locke believed that the most basic human law of nature is the preservation of mankind.
In simple terms, Locke's social contract theory says:
government was created through the consent of the people to be ruled by the majority
, “(unless they explicitly agree on some number greater than the majority),” and that every man once they are of age has the right to either continue under the government they were …
What are the 5 main ideas of Enlightenment?
At least six ideas came to punctuate American Enlightenment thinking:
deism, liberalism, republicanism, conservatism, toleration and scientific progress
. Many of these were shared with European Enlightenment thinkers, but in some instances took a uniquely American form.
Who is the father of Enlightenment?
Although they both lived and worked in the late 17th century,
Sir Isaac Newton and John Locke
(1632–1704) were the true fathers of the Enlightenment.
What were the 3 major ideas of the Enlightenment?
The Enlightenment was a late 17th- and 18th-century intellectual movement emphasizing reason,
individualism, skepticism, and science
.
What is John Locke known for saying?
“
Being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty, or possessions
.” – John Locke. 2. “Reading furnishes the mind only with materials of knowledge; it is thinking that makes what we read ours.”
What are natural rights enlightenment?
Enlightenment thinkers wanted to improve human conditions on earth rather than concern themselves with religion and the afterlife. These thinkers valued reason, science, religious tolerance, and what they called “natural rights”—
life, liberty, and property
.
Which natural right is the most important?
Locke said that the most important natural rights are “
Life, Liberty, and Property
“. In the United States Declaration of Independence, the natural rights mentioned are “Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness”. The idea was also found in the Declaration of the Rights of Man.
Social Contract. John Locke's idea. It was
an agreement which had a purpose that the government is to protect the people's natural rights in exchange for that protection
, the people give up their less important freedoms. You just studied 4 terms! 1/4.
What is liberalism according to John Locke?
Philosopher John Locke is often credited with founding liberalism as a distinct tradition, based on the social contract, arguing that each man has a natural right to life, liberty and property and governments must not violate these rights. … Liberalism started to spread rapidly especially after the French Revolution.
There are many different versions of the notion of a social contract. … John Locke's version of social contract theory is striking in saying that
the only right people give up in order to enter into civil society and its benefits is the right to punish other people for violating rights
.
What are 2 Enlightenment ideas?
There were two distinct lines of Enlightenment thought: the radical enlightenment,
advocating democracy, individual liberty, freedom of expression, and eradication of religious authority
. A second, more moderate variety sought accommodation between reform and the traditional systems of power and faith.
What was the main point of the Enlightenment thinking?
Central to Enlightenment thought were
the use and celebration of reason
, the power by which humans understand the universe and improve their own condition. The goals of rational humanity were considered to be knowledge, freedom, and happiness.
