Terms in this set (12) At the top of Spanish-American society were
the people who had been born in Spain, which is on the Iberian peninsula or in Spain
. Only peninsulares
Who was at the top of the Spanish American society?
At the top of Latin American society were
the peninsulares
, people who had been born in Spain or Portugal. They held the most important positions in colonial government and in the Roman Catholic Church. Creoles ranked next after the peninsulares.
What was the top level of Spanish American colonial society?
During most of the colonial era, Spanish American society had a pyramidal structure with
a small number of Spaniards at
the top, a group of mixedrace people beneath them, and at the bottom a large indigenous population and small number of slaves, usually of African origin.
What are the 5 levels of Spanish American society?
The social class system of Latin America goes as follows from the most power and fewest people, to those with the least amount of power and the most people:
Peninsulares, Creoles, Mestizos, Mulattoes, Native Americans and Africans
.
What were the people at the top of society those born in Spain called?
peninsular, Spanish Peninsular, plural Peninsulares, also called Gachupín, or Chapetón
, any of the colonial residents of Latin America from the 16th through the early 19th centuries who had been born in Spain.
Who were Jose de San Martin and Simon Bolivar what did they accomplish?
José de San Martín and his forces liberated Peru and proclaimed its independence from Spain on 28 July 1821. The two leading figures of the South American wars of independence were Simon Bolivar in the north and José de San Martín in the south.
Who were the Spanish American Creoles?
Creole, Spanish Criollo, French Créole, originally,
any person of European (mostly French or Spanish) or African descent born in the West Indies or parts of French or Spanish America
(and thus naturalized in those regions rather than in the parents’ home country).
What type of society was Spanish colonization?
Patriarchy
(the rule of men over family, society, and government) shaped the Spanish colonial world. Women occupied a lower status. In all matters, the Spanish held themselves to be atop the social pyramid, with native peoples and Africans beneath them.
How was Spanish society structured?
How was society structured in the Spanish colonies? Spanish colonial society
was divided into a caste system
. Peninsulares were the wealthy, elite and regarded themselves higher than everyone else because they were born in Spain. Creoles were the middle class, and were often born in Latin America.
Creoles felt politically inferior to
the peninsulares
, and this fueled a sense of nationalism within America as the Creoles lost their identification with Spain. The Creoles felt betrayed by Spain and threatened by the peninsulares’ position, leading them to seize political control of their homeland.
What was La Encomienda?
encomienda, in Spain’s American and Philippine colonies,
legal system by which the Spanish crown attempted to define the status of the indigenous population
. It was based upon the practice of exacting tribute from Muslims and Jews during the Reconquista (“Reconquest”) of Muslim Spain.
How did Spain treat the natives?
The Spanish treated the natives
very violently
. They had taken natives as slaves and murdered those who were not of use.
- peninsulares. 1st in social class, wealthy and had roles in government.
- creoles. 2nd in social class, wealthy and highly educated, could not take part in some jobs.
- mestizos. 3rd in social class, mixed Spanish and Indian background, worked in minor jobs.
- Native Americans.
What were American born descendants of Spanish settlers called?
Next came
creoles
, American-born descendants of Spanish settlers. Creoles owned most of the plantations, ranches, and mines.
Which group of people were Spanish born made up the smallest part of the population but held most of the power *?
At the top of Spanish-American society were the, people who had been born in Spain, which is on the Iberian peninsula. They formed a tiny percentage of the population. Only
peninsulares
could hold high office in Spanish colonial government.
Who was considered a Criollo?
The Criollos (singular: Criollo) were a social class in the caste system of the overseas colonies established by Spain in the 16th century, especially in Latin America. The name was used for
people of pure or mostly Spanish blood
, but who were born in the colony.
Who was Simon Bolivar quizlet?
was
a Venezuelan military and political leader
who played an instrumental role in the establishment of Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru and Colombia as personal fiefdoms independent of Spanish rule. born on July 24, 1783 in Caracas, New Granada (now Venezuela).
Who are Cajuns and Creoles?
Today, common understanding holds that
Cajuns are white and Creoles are Black or mixed race
; Creoles are from New Orleans, while Cajuns populate the rural parts of South Louisiana. In fact, the two cultures are far more related—historically, geographically, and genealogically—than most people realize.
What were Simon Bolivar accomplishments?
Simon Bolivar’s greatest accomplishment,
numero uno, is freeing the Spanish colonies
. Simon freed five South American countries in the 1800s. He freed his natal Venezuela, plus Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. For that, he has repeatedly been called “The George Washington of South America.”
What did Hidalgo Jose de San Martin and Simon Bolivar have in common?
Answer – D – Miguel de Hidalgo, José de San Martin, and Simon Bolivar are all examples of
revolutionary leaders
. … Miguel de Hidalgo was a priest who led a peasant movement in Mexico; Simon Bolivar and José de San Martin played key roles in Latin America’s struggle against the Spanish.
What race are Creoles?
Creole people are ethnic groups which originated during the colonial era from racial mixing mainly involving
West Africans
as well as some other people born in colonies, such as French, Spanish, and Indigenous American peoples; this process is known as creolization.
Is Creole a bad word?
The word
“creole” can be derogatory
, but only in certain contexts. For a full explanation, may I again refer you to the “Dictionary of Caribbean English Usage” by Richard Allsopp (Oxford University Press).
Who did Spanish colonize?
From 1492 to the 1800s, Spanish explorers were the bullies of the New World. Beginning with Columbus in 1492 and continuing for nearly 350 years, Spain conquered and settled
most of South America, the Caribbean, and the American Southwest
. Yeah, they kept themselves busy.
What 3 cultures did the Colonial Spanish Americas bring together?
Though influenced by Spanish traditions from the Iberian peninsula, the culture that emerged in the colonial New World was a
mixture of European, African, and local Native customs
.
What was society like in New Spain?
Over time, members of New Spanish society formed new ethnic identities as Spaniards intermarried with Native Americans and Africans. A subtle
castelike system
developed, with peninsulares (natives of Spain) at the top of the social hierarchy.
What were the three levels of society in colonial Spain?
For official purposes, particularly the assessment of tribute and military service, three primary groups were identified:
Spaniard (European and American); castes (castas)
, that is, persons of mixed blood; and Indians. Although such classifications were overtly ethnic they were strongly influenced by cultural factors.
Are Creoles biracial?
In present Louisiana, Creole generally means a
person or people of mixed colonial French, African American and Native American ancestry
. The term Black Creole refers to freed slaves from Haiti and their descendants.
What tactics did Jose de San Martin and Simon Bolivar?
Terms in this set (19) What tactics did Jose de San Martin and Simon Bolivar use to defeat Spanish forces in South America?
Bolivar marched through the Andes to Colombia and caught Spanish off guard
. de San Martin marched through the Andes to Chile and defeats the Spanish with Bernardo O’Higgins.
Why did the Creoles lead the fight Mini Q?
The Creoles took the lead for three main reasons: they
wanted political control
, they wanted eco- nomic control, and they wanted to prevent social revolution by the lower classes. The Creoles believed they deserved to have political power so they led the fight for independence.
Who in Spanish colonial society was born in Spain?
Peninsulares
: In Spanish colonial society, colonists who were born in Spain.
How did Spanish and Native American cultures blend?
How were European and Native American Cultures blended in New Spain?
Spanish settlers brought their own culture to the colonies by introducing their language, laws, religion and learning
. Colonist adopted Indian foods and Indian clothing such as; moccasins and the poncho.
The Spanish and Portuguese forced indigenous peoples to acculturate to their own beliefs, they taught them Spanish, implemented the laws that were present in Spain and made Catholicism the ultimate belief system. Overtime, they passed laws creating a social hierarchy to maintain power known as
the Casta System
.
What is the family structure in Spain?
The average Spanish family has
two children
. Extended family members visit each other often, especially for large weekend gatherings. In cities, families typically live in flats. Outside of cities and especially in small villages, families tend to live in houses with a small garden.
Spanish-born people (born in Spain)
, who came to Latin America to live and rule. They were the highest social class. People who had Spanish or Portuguese parents but were born in Latin America (White).
Who is black legend?
Black Legend, Spanish Leyenda Negra, term indicating
an unfavourable image of Spain and Spaniards, accusing them of cruelty and intolerance
, formerly prevalent in the works of many non-Spanish, and especially Protestant, historians.
Why did the Spanish introduce the Encomienda?
In the early 16th century, the Spanish crown set up the encomienda system in the Americas to
divide up the American Indian labor force in order to aid the development of their mining ecomony
. … The encomendero provided the laborers protection from warring tribes, and teachings in the Catholic faith.
Who invented Encomienda?
The encomienda system is a labor system established by
the Spanish Crown
in the 1500s. This new system rewarded Spanish explorers, conquistadors, and military men with land in the New World.
Who were the people at the top of Spanish American colonial society in terms of power and wealth?
At the top of Latin American society were
the peninsulares
, people who had been born in Spain or Portugal. They held the most important positions in colonial government and in the Roman Catholic Church. Creoles ranked next after the peninsulares.
How did the Aztecs treat the Spanish?
Most significantly, the Spanish ended the Aztec’s
practice of human sacrifice
. The Aztecs sacrificed human victims on each of their 18 annual festivities, according to the New World Encyclopedia. Human sacrifice rituals often included torture, such as shooting victims with arrows, burning them, or drowning them.
Why did the Spanish marry natives?
The
Spanish sought a way to legally obtain the fertile lands of indigenous peoples
, marrying the indigenous women of those lands. At that time there were indigenous people who thought that the Spanish were handsome because they were new, exotic and foreign.
Are Creoles Mexican?
Creole, Spanish Criollo, French Créole, originally, any person of European (mostly French or Spanish) or
African descent
born in the West Indies or parts of French or Spanish America (and thus naturalized in those regions rather than in the parents’ home country).
What do Mexicans call Spaniards?
The word
gachupín
is used for Spaniards who live in Mexico and Guatemala as a slur, referring to conquistadors and people from Spain.
Who were the mestizos in the Americas?
The term mestizo means mixed in Spanish, and is generally used throughout Latin America to describe
people of mixed ancestry with a white European and an indigenous background
.
