Why are social psychologists concerned with the issue of interjudge reliability? A)
Interjudge reliability makes causal explanations possible in archival research
.
Social psychology is the
study of how individual or group behavior is influenced by the presence and behavior of others
. The major question social psychologists ponder is this: How and why are people’s perceptions and actions influenced by environmental factors, such as social interaction?
Social psychologists are interested in
all aspects of personality and social interaction
, exploring the influence of interpersonal and group relationships on human behavior.
Why didn’t Latane and Darley in their study of bystander intervention in emergencies use a manipulation more like events in the Kitty Genovese murder?
Why didn’t Latané and Darley (1968), in their study of bystander intervention in emergencies, use a manipulation more like events in the Kitty Genovese murder?
It would be unethical to expose unwitting participants to such a distressing manipulation.
Ethnography is a broader concept, a subject which tries to understand the
culture
holistically . Participant observation is one tool or mechanism to do ethnography which involves the researcher to be a participant in their setting and helps in getting the information.
conclusion, social psychologists solve social problems
by truthfully describing, predicting, determining causality and explaining a phenomenon via basic or applied research
.
Social psychology is a branch of general psychology that has great importance in the modern world. … Social psychology
helps people manage their stress, depression and other social issues and improve their decision making and predict accurate future behavior based on the understanding of past behavior
.
How have psychologists participated in the advancement of social issues?
By establishing a scientific basis to combat long held social stigmas
. For example, Clarks research on segregation of African American children. Describe functionalism and structuralism and their influences on behaviorism and cognitive psychology.
Learning more about social psychology can enrich your understanding of yourself and the world around you. By learning more about how people view others, how they behave in groups, and how attitudes are formed, you can gain a greater appreciation for how social relationships influence individual functioning.
Psychology examines the behavior of the individual, the experience conducted by the individual with the surrounding social environment, and examines the individual through attention to the characteristics and processes that grow in human, and how to do his functions, While sociology is concerned with
the experience and
…
C) We are more likely to attribute another’s behaviour to internal rather than to situational causes. 10) What do social psychologists call the tendency to rely on internal characteristics for explanations of the behaviour of others and to ignore the influence of the situation? …
social influence
.
What behaviors did the psychologists Latane and Darley explore?
Latané and Darley (1970) identified three different psychological processes that might prevent a bystander from helping a person in distress: (i)
diffusion of responsibility
; (ii) evaluation apprehension (fear of being publically judged); and (iii) pluralistic ignorance (the tendency to rely on the overt reactions of …
Why were John Darley and Bibb Latane interested in bystander intervention What would be the impact of understanding this phenomenon in the wider world?
John Darley and Bibb Latané were the first psychologists to formulate and study the bystander effect. … Specifically, Darley and Latané believed that
as the number of people who are present in an emergency situation increases
, the less likely it is that any single individual will help someone in need.
What might be some disadvantages of conducting an ethnographic observation?
Ethnographic research has several disadvantages to consider as well. Ethnography is time consuming and requires a well-trained researcher.
It takes time to build trust with informants in order to facilitate full and honest discourse
. Short-term studies are at a particular disadvantage in this regard.
Which of the following are disadvantages of ethnographic research?
Which of the following are disadvantages of ethnographic research? -Ethnographic research often is not representative of a larger part of society. –
Ethnographic research suffers from a lack of replicability
.
Why ethnography is important in research?
One of the main advantages associated with ethnographic research is that
ethnography can help identify and analyse unexpected issues
. … Because of its subjective nature, an ethnographic study (with a skilled researcher) can be very useful in uncovering and analysing relevant user attitudes and emotions.
Social influence is
the process by which an individual’s attitudes, beliefs or behavior are modified by the presence or action of others
. Four areas of social influence are conformity, compliance and obedience, and minority influence.
Social psychologists assert that
an individual’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are very much influenced
by social situations. … If we are in a new situation or are unsure how to behave, we will take our cues from other individuals.
Social Psychology involves
studying people in social environments such as in family groups
, with workmates or friends. One of the major debates in Social Psychology involves the idea that out actions are a direct result of our social context.
Psychology can be defined as the scientific study of the human mind and behavior. … So the main difference between psychology and social psychology is that while psychology encompasses a general outlook to a variety of aspects of human life,
social psychology concentrates on the social influences on the individual only.
The goal of social psychology as well as it relevance to social work is
to understand cognition and behavior as they naturally occur in a social context
, but the very act of observing people can influence and alter their behavior.
Can social psychology help in solving societal problems? … However, many if not most societal problems have social psychological aspects (for example crime, racism, environmental pollution), and therefore social psychology may not only help in clarifying such problems, but also
contribute to finding solutions
.
How did philosophy and physiology influence psychology?
While early philosophers relied on methods such as observation and logic, today’s psychologists utilize
scientific methodologies to study and draw conclusions
about human thought and behavior. Physiology also contributed to psychology’s eventual emergence as a scientific discipline.
Psychology as a behavioral health discipline is the key to the biopsychosocial practice, and plays a
major role in understanding the concept of health and illness
. … In addition, they play a major role in the promotion of healthy behavior, preventing diseases and improving patients’ quality of life.
How did psychology change the present approach to understanding the self?
1. Increased self-understanding and insight. This is a no-brainer: By
learning about psychological constructs
, such as dimensions of personality, we can better understand ourselves, our motives, and our patterns of behavior. Psychological assessments allow us to better know and understand our true selves.
Social psychology focuses on three main areas:
social thinking, social influence, and social behavior
.
Social psychologists focus on how
individuals cope within society
, while sociologists are more interested in understanding the behavior of groups of people within society.
The main difference between social psychology and sociology is their scope. Social psychology
studies how society and social environment affect individuals’ behaviour
, whereas sociology studies groups within society and society as a whole to analyze how people behave as part of a social system.
Understanding the Bystander Effect
Social psychologists Bibb Latané and John Darley popularized the concept of the bystander effect following the infamous murder of Kitty Genovese in New York City in
1964
.
Why is understanding social psychology important in offender rehabilitation? … As such,
social psuchologyseeks to understand the behavior of individuals in the context of their social life
.
If sociology is the discipline that studies social problems—
like crime; poverty
; inequalities based on social class, race, and gender; epidemics; environmental problems, and so on—you may want to know what “solutions” it has to offer. Indeed, you may be interested in finding out what you can do to make a difference.
bystander effect,
the inhibiting influence of the presence of others on a person’s willingness to help someone in need
. Research has shown that, even in an emergency, a bystander is less likely to extend help when he or she is in the real or imagined presence of others than when he or she is alone.
What is the hypothesis of the Darley and Latane study?
In the late 1960s social psychologists John Darley and Bibb Latané proposed
a counter-intuitive hypothesis
. The more witnesses there are to an accident or a crime, the less likely any of them is to help the victim (Darley & Latané, 1968).
Psychologists have found that people have a tendency to rely too heavily on the very first piece of information they learn, which can have a serious impact on the decision they end up making. 1 In psychology, this type of cognitive bias is known as
the anchoring bias or anchoring effect
.
A few common such biases include the fundamental attribution error, the
self-serving bias
, the actor-observer bias, and the just-world hypothesis.
What do social psychology and personality psychology have in common?
They both focus on the individual
. … In social psychology why is construal so important? People’s behavior is affected by their interpretation of events, not only the events themselves.
Social cognition involves:
The processes involved in perceiving other people and how we come to know about the people in the world around us
. The study of the mental processes that are involved in perceiving, remembering, thinking about, and attending to the other people in our social world.
pay more attention to group behavior than the behavior of individuals within groups. Which of the following questions would a social psychologist be most likely to study? …
personality and social psychology
.
Social psychologists are interested in
all aspects of personality and social interaction
, exploring the influence of interpersonal and group relationships on human behavior.
What are the pros and cons of doing ethnography?
- It helps people know more about other cultures. …
- It helps businesses learn more about their target market. …
- It helps increase scientists’ understanding of human behavior. …
- It can easily evolve and discover new things. …
- It can be difficult to choose a representative sample. …
- It takes a lot of time.
What are the problems of ethnography?
Ethnographers enhance the external reliability of their data by recognizing and handling five major problems:
researcher status position, informant choices, social situations and conditions, analytic constructs and premises, and methods of data collection and analysis
.
Which of the following is a disadvantage of observation and ethnographic research methods?
Which of the following are disadvantages of ethnographic research? Correct: –
Ethnographic research suffers from a lack of replicability
.
