Why Are Statins Contraindicated In Pregnant Patients With Atherosclerosis?

Statins are contraindicated in pregnancy,

due to their potential teratogenicity

.

How do statins affect atherosclerosis?

Notably, statins play a role in

plaque regression with reduction in lipid content

. These drugs further stabilize atherosclerotic plaque with thickened fibrous caps and macrocalcification that serves to stabilize atheromas.

Which patient is at an increased risk of atherosclerosis?

As you get older

, your risk for atherosclerosis increases. Genetic or lifestyle factors cause plaque to build up in your arteries as you age. By the time you’re middle-aged or older, enough plaque has built up to cause signs or symptoms. In men, the risk increases after age 45.

What could be the reason for premature atherosclerosis in a patient with severe diabetes mellitus?

Prolonged exposure to hyperglycemia

is now recognized a major factor in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in diabetes. Hyperglycemia induces a large number of alterations at the cellular level of vascular tissue that potentially accelerate the atherosclerotic process.

Why are patients affected by atherosclerosis?

Development of atherosclerosis

If you have

too many cholesterol particles in your blood

, cholesterol may accumulate on your artery walls. Eventually, deposits called plaques may form. The deposits may narrow — or block — your arteries. These plaques can also burst, causing a blood clot to form.

Can statins reduce atherosclerosis?

The results confirm that statin therapy

can improve peripheral atherosclerosis and reverse atherosclerotic plaques

.

What are the disadvantages of taking statins?

• Muscle pain and damage. One of the most common complaints of people taking statins is muscle pain. …
• Liver damage. Occasionally, statin use could cause an increase in the level of enzymes that signal liver inflammation. …
• Increased blood sugar or type 2 diabetes. …
• Neurological side effects.

What medications are used to prevent atherosclerosis?

Statins

and other cholesterol medications.

Statins are commonly prescribed to lower cholesterol, improve artery health and prevent atherosclerosis.

What are the four most important treatable risk factors for atherosclerosis?

• Atherosclerosis is thickening or hardening of the arteries caused by a buildup of plaque in the inner lining of an artery.
• Risk factors may include high cholesterol and triglyceride levels, high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, obesity, physical activity, and eating saturated fats.

How does cholesterol cause atherosclerosis?

If your cholesterol is too high,

it builds up on the walls of your arteries

. Over time, this buildup is known as atherosclerosis. This condition causes arteries to become narrowed, and the narrowed blood vessels reduce blood flow to the heart.

What causes premature atherosclerosis?

Premature atherosclerosis can occur in patients with familial chylomicronemia as a result of

mutations in the lipoprotein lipase gene

. Defective lipolysis may increase susceptibility to atherosclerosis in humans.

Why does high blood pressure cause atherosclerosis?

The excess strain and resulting damage from high blood pressure (HBP or hypertension) causes

the coronary arteries serving the heart to slowly become narrowed from a buildup of fat, cholesterol and other substances that together

are called plaque. This slow process is known as atherosclerosis.

What is the difference between arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis?

Arteriosclerosis is a broader term for the

condition in which the arteries narrow and harden

, leading to poor circulation of blood throughout the body. Atherosclerosis is a specific kind of arteriosclerosis, but these terms are often used interchangeably.

Can you have atherosclerosis with normal cholesterol?

Citation: Normal LDL-Cholesterol Levels Are Associated With

Subclinical Atherosclerosis

in the Absence of Risk Factors.

What are the 4 stages of atherosclerosis?

• Endothelial cell injury. This is likely the initial factor that begins the process of atherosclerotic plaque formation. …
• Lipoprotein deposition. …
• Inflammatory reaction. …
• Smooth muscle cell cap formation.

How is atherosclerosis of the aorta treated?

Atherosclerosis of the aorta can be treated with

lifestyle changes and medicines

that help lower your risk of serious complications. These medicines include: Blood pressure medicines such as ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitors, ARBs (angiotensin II receptor blockers), and beta-blockers.

Which statins reverse atherosclerosis?

A: Yes. There have been several clinical studies — many of them done here at Cleveland Clinic — that show statins can reverse plaque buildup. Two statins in particular,

atorvastatin

, which is sold under the brand name Lipitor, and rosuvastatin, which is sold under the brand name Crestor, are the strongest statins.

Why are statins controversial?

Controversy around the use of statins for the primary

prevention of cardiovascular disease

is once again in the news, with a new analysis suggesting that statin use in low-risk patients “may be an example of low value care (having little benefit and potential to cause harm) in these patients and, in some cases, …

Do statins remove calcium from arteries?

More recently, five randomized controlled trials have demonstrated that not only

does statin treatment not reduce coronary calcium

, but in fact, the progression of coronary calcium by CT scanning is indistinguishable from placebo treatment.

What are the pros and cons of taking statins?

• muscle aches and pain.
• cramps and stiffness.
• muscle weakness.
• joint or bone pain.
• memory problems.
• tiring easily.

What are the most common side effects of statins?

• headache.
• dizziness.
• feeling sick.
• feeling unusually tired or physically weak.
• digestive system problems, such as constipation, diarrhoea, indigestion or farting.
• muscle pain.
• sleep problems.
• low blood platelet count.

Do statins make arthritis worse?

Study: “The only significant finding indicated that increased duration of statin use was associated with worsening in knee pain and osteoarthritis.”

There is no general consensus that statins help or statins make things worse

.

Do statins remove plaque?

Statins help lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, also known as “bad” cholesterol, in the blood. They

draw cholesterol out of plaque and stabilize plaque

, Blaha says.

How can you prevent atherosclerosis from hardening of the arteries?

1. eating a healthy diet that’s low in saturated fats and cholesterol.
2. avoiding fatty foods.
3. adding fish to your diet twice per week instead of red meat.
4. getting at least 75 minutes of vigorous exercise or 150 minutes of moderate exercise each week.

Why are antihypertensives used to treat atherosclerosis?

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors ACE inhibitors may

help slow the progression of atherosclerosis

by lowering your blood pressure and relaxing your blood vessels. They also reduce your risk of having multiple heart attacks.

Why are males more prone to atherosclerosis?

The higher incidence and severity of atherosclerosis in men than women across all age groups suggests that

sex hormones

play a major role in the pathogenesis of disease. Sex differences in the incidence of CVD are also influenced by gender differences in cardiovascular risk factors and presentation of disease.

What is the role of HDL and LDL in atherosclerosis?

HDL helps prevent atherosclerosis

. It has long been recognized that the cholesterol concentrations in the blood are indicators of the probability that a plaque will develop: higher LDL and lower HDL concentrations indicate a higher probability of plaque development.

Why do cholesterol plaques occur in arteries and not veins?

Paradoxically, it would seem that

cholesterol would have an easier time settling in your veins

, but this condition only happens in arteries. Your arteries are built to handle a lot of pressure going through them at once. This high pressure contributes to plaques.

What effect do LDL and VLDL cholesterol have on the formation of atherosclerosis?

VLDL and LDL are sometimes called “bad” cholesterols because

they can contribute to the buildup of plaque in your arteries

. This buildup is called atherosclerosis. The plaque that builds up is a sticky substance made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances found in the blood.

What dissolves artery plaque?

HDL

is like a vacuum cleaner for cholesterol in the body. When it’s at healthy levels in your blood, it removes extra cholesterol and plaque buildup in your arteries and then sends it to your liver. Your liver expels it from your body. Ultimately, this helps reduce your risk of heart disease, heart attack, and stroke.

What is atheromatous aorta?

An atheromatous aorta is

one that has plaque formation lining the wall of the aorta

which is the major blood vessel that leaves the heart. These plaques contain calcium and this shows up on an X-ray along the vessel walls.

What are the warning signs of clogged arteries?

• Chest pain.
• Shortness of breath.
• Heart palpitations.
• Weakness or dizziness.
• Nausea.
• Sweating.

Can atherosclerosis of aorta be reversed?

Thus,

early lesions of atherosclerosis are reversible

and cholesterol-lowering therapy is an effective treatment; however, since advanced lesions seem to be irreversible, cholesterol-lowering therapy may not be effective for such lesions.

What are the symptoms of hardening of the arteries in the legs?

• Painful cramping in one or both of your hips, thighs or calf muscles after certain activities, such as walking or climbing stairs.
• Leg numbness or weakness.
• Coldness in your lower leg or foot, especially when compared with the other side.
• Sores on your toes, feet or legs that won’t heal.

Can arteriosclerosis be hereditary?

Research has shown that

the risk of developing atherosclerosis can be influenced by heredity

. However, researchers have been unable to identify the specific genes associated with this risk.

Who diagnoses atherosclerosis?

Doctors

have an arsenal of diagnostic tests and tools they can access to confirm the presence of Atherosclerosis – these include an angiogram (Arteriogram), cholesterol tests, a chest x-ray, a CT (computed tomography) scan, Duplex scanning, an echocardiogram, an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG), an exercise stress test ( …

How does family history affect atherosclerosis?

Family history is one of the biggest risk factors overall for atherosclerosis. Your risk is greater if your

father or brother was diagnosed before age 55

, if your mother or sister was diagnosed before age 65 or if you have a sibling with early coronary disease.

How does atherosclerosis affect pulse pressure?

High blood pressure or fatty deposits on the walls of the arteries (atherosclerosis) can make the

arteries stiff

. The greater the pulse pressure, the stiffer and more damaged the blood vessels are thought to be. Treating high blood pressure usually reduces pulse pressure.

Does atherosclerosis cause hypotension?

Atherosclerosis — a condition in which fat (plaque) builds up in and on artery walls — can stiffen blood vessels and have the same effect on blood pressure. Thus, many older patients can have both a high systolic and a low diastolic blood pressure. This condition is known as high pulse pressure.

Which cholesterol profile would place someone at the greatest risk for heart disease?

LDL (low-density lipoprotein)

, sometimes called “bad” cholesterol, makes up most of your body’s cholesterol. High levels of LDL cholesterol raise your risk for heart disease and stroke.

Does high LDL indicate atherosclerosis?

According to the low‐density‐lipoprotein (LDL) receptor hypothesis, development of

atherosclerosis is caused by a high concentration of LDL‐cholesterol in the blood

, and lowering LDL‐cholesterol reverses, or at least retards, atherosclerosis, thus preventing cardiovascular disease.

Can you have coronary artery disease with low cholesterol?

A high blood cholesterol level increases your risk of coronary artery disease.

Lower cholesterol is usually better

, but in rare cases having a very low level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL, or “bad”) cholesterol or a very low total cholesterol level has been associated with some health problems.

Why LDL is known as bad cholesterol?

It is sometimes called the “bad” cholesterol

because a high LDL level leads to a buildup of cholesterol in your arteries

. HDL stands for high-density lipoproteins. It is sometimes called the “good” cholesterol because it carries cholesterol from other parts of your body back to your liver.