Why do scientists use multiple markers to identify individuals in gel electrophoresis?
The more markers used, the smaller the likelihood that two individuals will have the same results.
How many STRs markers are used to identify elephants?
Typically, to positively identify humans, scientists use 13 markers; to identify elephants,
16 markers
.
Why are there only 2 bands in the ivory sample lane?
Population Profiles for a Single Marker
In this gel, the left lane shows the reference DNA bands of known sizes (the DNA ladder). The bands in the other two lanes
show the alleles in two elephant populations
(A and B) for just one of the 16 markers.
How is DNA fingerprinting used to study elephants?
By matching
the DNA fingerprints of seized elephant ivory to DNA profiles from the dung of elephants living
throughout the continent, scientist were able to establish the origin of illegal ivory to just two areas in Africa. … Tusks from savannah elephants focused on the border area between Tanzania and Mozambique.
What is the purpose of a DNA marker quizlet?
A gene or short sequence of
DNA used to identify a chromosome or to locate other genes on a genetic map
. Variation that can be observed. Genetic marker can be short sequence like SNP or a long one like minisatellites.
Are elephants heterozygous?
If you now look at marker FH67, the frequencies of the two alleles in the ivory sample are 0.1 and 0.24. The probability of an elephant being heterozygous for those two alleles is
2
(0.1)(0.24) = 0.048.
Why are elephants a keystone species?
African elephants are keystone species, meaning
they play a critical role in their ecosystem
. Also known as “ecosystem engineers,” elephants shape their habitat in many ways. … Their dung is full of seeds, helping plants spread across the environment—and it makes pretty good habitat for dung beetles too.
Why are there 2 bands in each lane?
Smaller DNA molecules migrate faster than large ones. The bands differ in intensity: larger fragments bind more EthBr. … It is clear that in lane 2 two fragments are
present in non-equimolar amounts
(the upper band must contain longer DNA molecules, but is less intense than the lower band..).
Why are there two bands in the digested sample?
You need to compare your digestion to the expected DNA banding pattern. If the bands in both lanes are similar to the expected pattern and the additional bands are limited to spaces within the upper and lower bands of the expected pattern,
the digestion is incomplete
(partial).
Which country does most poached ivory come from for savanna elephants?
Most savanna elephants have been poached in
Tanzania
and just across the border in Mozambique. Most poached forest elephants are from the TRIDOM, a rain forest region that includes Cameroon, Gabon, and the Republic of Congo.
How is DNA profiling being used with elephants?
DNA fingerprinting has helped conservationists and law enforcement teams identify
three major cartels
that dominate the elephant ivory-smuggling market, researchers said Wednesday. … Wasser's team used DNA sequencing to match up pairs of tusks that got separated before they were shipped.
How do you obtain elephant DNA?
For elephants, the best way to get DNA is
from their dung (feces)
. As mentioned before, they defecate often, making it easier to collect a large number of samples. We obtain DNA from dung samples, but the DNA is not in the dung per say. Rather, the DNA is located in the cells that have been sloughed off onto the dung.
Which elephant sample matches the profile of the mystery ivory profile?
The ivory profile matches the profile of
the tenth elephant sample
.
What are two properties of a good marker?
Markers should exhibit high level of polymorphism. In other words, there should be variability in the markers. It should
demonstrate measurable differences in expression between trait types and/or gene of interest
.
What is the purpose of the DNA marker?
Genetic markers can help link an inherited disease with the responsible gene. DNA segments close to each other on a chromosome tend to be inherited together. Genetic markers are used to
track the inheritance of a nearby gene that has not yet been identified
, but whose approximate location is known.
What is meant by the term genetic marker?
Listen to pronunciation. (jeh-NEH-tik MAR-ker)
A specific sequence of DNA at a known location on a chromosome
. There are many genetic markers on each chromosome.
