Infant mortality rate, measure of human infant deaths in a group younger than one year of age. It is an important indicator of the overall physical health of a community . ... High infant mortality rates are generally indicative of unmet human health needs in sanitation, medical care, nutrition, and education.
What does the infant mortality rate indicate?
Infant mortality rate (IMR) is the number of deaths under one year of age occurring among the live births in a given geographical area during a given year per 1,000 live births occurring among the population of the given geographical area during the same year .
Why is infant mortality a good indicator of health?
Infant mortality rate (IMR) is generally regarded as an important national indicator of health because it is particularly sensitive to general structural factors , like socio-economic development and basic living conditions [1].
What is the relationship between infant mortality rate and health?
Lower (or higher) mortality might induce lower (or higher) fertility, but it is well established that higher birth rates lead to higher infant and child mortality. This higher mortality is related to the effect on infants and children of earlier weaning and reduced care from mothers.
Why is mortality rate not a good indicator of quality of life or health in a country?
The infant mortality rate is not a good indicator of overall mortality or health status because it is sensitive to socioeconomic changes, in particular to maternal education .
What are the three leading causes of infant mortality?
- Birth defects.
- Preterm birth and low birth weight.
- Injuries (e.g., suffocation).
- Sudden infant death syndrome.
- Maternal pregnancy complications.
What are the indicators of mortality?
Indicators used to measure deaths in a population are crude death rate (CDR), child morality rate, life expectancy at birth, etc . Among the child mortality indicators, the infant mortality rate is widely used as an indicator of health status and development.
What is the leading cause of infant mortality?
Some of the leading causes of infant death in the United States include the following: birth defects ; prematurity/low birthweight; sudden infant death syndrome; maternal complications of pregnancy and respiratory distress syndrome.
What is the infant mortality rate in 2020?
In 2020, infant mortality rate for India was 29.07 deaths per thousand live births . Over the last 50 years, infant mortality rate of India was declining at a moderating rate to shrink from 139.19 deaths per thousand live births in 1971 to 29.07 deaths per thousand live births in 2020.
Which country has the highest infant mortality rate?
The countries with the highest rates of infant mortality include Afghanistan, Mali and Somalia . These countries experience around 100 infant deaths per 1,000 infants in their first year of life.
Why does infant mortality rate decrease as a country develops?
The major causes of infant death in developed countries, which tends to occur in the neonatal period, are low birth weight, prematurity, birth complications , and congenital defects; developing countries; they are vaccine preventable infectious diseases, diarrhea and dehydration, and respiratory illnesses, all ...
What are the effects of infant mortality?
Underreplacement means that when infant mortality is reduced, the death rate for children will be reduced more than the fertility rate , more children will reach adulthood, and population growth will be faster.
What is the difference between infant and child mortality?
In demography, child mortality refers to the death of children under the age of five while infant mortality refers to the death of those under the age of one .
What are the three indicators of health?
- Crude death rate.
- Life expectancy.
- Infant mortality rate.
- Maternal mortality rate.
- Proportional mortality rate.
What is the greatest indicator of health?
Indeed, life expectancy at birth remains one of the most frequently quoted indicators of health status and economic development. In 2019, life expectancy at birth in the EU averaged 81.3 years.
What are quality of life indicators?
Since one’s quality of life is associated with the extent to which they are able to meet their needs, wants, and aspirations, standard indicators of the quality of life include wealth, employment, the environment, physical and mental health, education, recreation and leisure time, social belonging, religious beliefs, ...
