A
medical exam
is the first step to diagnose a potential brain injury. Assessment usually includes a neurological exam. This exam evaluates thinking, motor function (movement), sensory function, coordination, eye movement, and reflexes. Imaging tests, including CT scans and MRI scans, cannot detect all TBIs.
Which test is typically used to assess brain damage?
A CT (or “CAT”) scan
takes X-rays from many angles to create a complete picture of the brain. It can quickly show whether the brain is bleeding or bruised or has other damage. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI uses magnets and radio waves to produce more detailed images than CT scans.
What are 5 signs & symptoms of a traumatic head or brain injury?
- Loss of consciousness from several minutes to hours.
- Persistent headache or headache that worsens.
- Repeated vomiting or nausea.
- Convulsions or seizures.
- Dilation of one or both pupils of the eyes.
- Clear fluids draining from the nose or ears.
- Inability to awaken from sleep.
How do you evaluate a head injury?
To assess the severity of a head injury, a physician may perform a physical and neurologic exam and imaging tests such as:
CT scan of the head
: Computed tomography (CT) scanning combines special x-ray equipment with sophisticated computers to produce multiple images or pictures of the head and brain.
What is the criteria for TBI?
| Criteria Mild Moderate | Loss of Consciousness | Alteration of Consciousness/Mental State A moment to 24 hours >24 hours | Post-traumatic Amnesia 0–1 day >1 and | Glasgow Coma Scale (best available score in 24 hours) 13–15 9–12 |
|---|
What are some examples of traumatic brain injuries?
- Concussion. Concussions are one of the more common traumatic brain injuries. …
- Edema. …
- Diffuse Axonal Injury. …
- Hematoma. …
- Skull Fracture. …
- Hemorrhage. …
- Hypoxic/anoxic Brain Injury. …
- Stroke.
How can I tell if a head injury is mild or severe?
- Mild head injury: Raised, swollen area from a bump or a bruise. Small, superficial (shallow) cut in the scalp. …
- Moderate to severe head injury (requires immediate medical attention)–symptoms may include any of the above plus: Loss of consciousness.
What kind of test does a neurologist do?
What is a neurological examination? A neurological examination
assesses motor and sensory skills, hearing and speech, vision, coordination, and balance
. It may also test mental status, mood, and behavior. The examination uses tools such as a tuning fork, flashlight, reflex hammer, and a tool for examining the eye.
How long does neuropsychological testing take?
How long does a neuropsychological exam take? The length of time for testing varies considerably based on the nature of the reason for the examination. Depending on the situation, testing can take anywhere between one and eight hours, although
two to four hours is typical
.
How do you test for neurological disorders?
- CT scan. …
- Electroencephalogram (EEG). …
- MRI. …
- Electrodiagnostic tests, such as electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction velocity (NCV). …
- Positron emission tomography (PET). …
- Arteriogram (angiogram). …
- Spinal tap (lumbar puncture). …
- Evoked potentials.
What are the indications for doing CT brain urgently within 1 hour of the injury?
CT scan of the brain within one hour (with a written radiology report within one hour of the scan being undertaken):
Clinical suspicion of non-accidental injury
.
Post-traumatic seizure
(no past medical history of epilepsy) GCS
What are the three types of TBI?
There are three main types of TBI:
Mild TBI
Can a skull fracture go unnoticed?
A skull fracture
may go entirely unnoticed to a carer
or even to a doctor if there are no clinical signs. A skull fracture can only be seen on an x-ray and so if there is no reason to x-ray (no swelling/bruising) it may not be found.
What are the four main types of TBI?
There are four main types of TBIs. They are
the concussion, contusion, penetrating injury, and anoxic brain injury
.
What are the 7 types of TBI?
- Coup-Contrecoup Brain Injury. …
- Brain Contusion. …
- Second Impact Syndrome. …
- Shaken Baby Syndrome. …
- Penetrating Injury.
What are the two classifications of traumatic brain injury?
Systems include classifying traumatic brain injury by severity, which is generally based on clinical indexes at the time of presentation. TBI can be classified by pathoanatomic type i.e. type of injury
such as diffuse axonal injury, haematoma and haemorrhages
.
