vipoma

Are VIPomas Malignant? Approximately 60-80% of VIPomas are malignant and have metastasized at the time of diagnosis. Metastasis occurs most frequently in the liver but may also occur in the lymph nodes, lungs, or kidneys. Approximately 5% of VIPomas are associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 1 syndrome. What causes high VIP levels? A