What factors influence the development of infection?
- Whether the microorganism produces toxins, enzymes, or other substances. …
- Whether it develops resistance to antimicrobial drugs.
What are the 3 factors that cause disease?
- Bacteria. These one-cell organisms are responsible for illnesses such as strep throat, urinary tract infections and tuberculosis.
- Viruses. Even smaller than bacteria, viruses cause a multitude of diseases ranging from the common cold to AIDS.
- Fungi. …
- Parasites.
What are the most common sources of infection?
Common sources of infection
Sources, e.g.
airborne, blood borne, sexually transmitted, fecal, oral, environment, stagnant water, warm-water systems, animals
.
What are the three 3 factors that affect the likelihood of infection from a pathogen?
Common pathogen factors are
immune evasion, high viral load and low infectious dose
.
What are the five means of transmission of infection?
The transmission of microorganisms can be divided into the following five main routes:
direct contact, fomites, aerosol (airborne), oral (ingestion), and vectorborne
. Some microorganisms can be transmitted by more than one route.
- the air as droplets or aerosol particles.
- faecal-oral spread.
- blood or other body fluids.
- skin or mucous membrane contact.
- sexual contact.
- The Infectious Agent – or the microorganism which has the ability to cause disease.
- The Reservoir or source of infection where the microorganism can live and thrive. …
- The Portal of Exit from the reservoir. …
- The Mode of Transmission. …
- The Portal of Entry. …
- The Susceptible Host.
Body fluids
– A body fluid e.g. blood, urine, pus, saliva from one person enters the body of another e.g. through cuts or other means such as sexual intercourse (e.g. syphilis, HIV etc.). Through saliva (e.g. glandular fever).
The five periods of disease (sometimes referred to as stages or phases) include the
incubation, prodromal, illness, decline, and convalescence periods
(Figure 2). The incubation period occurs in an acute disease after the initial entry of the pathogen into the host (patient).
The commonest outbreaks are due to
viral respiratory infections and gastroenteritis
. The organisms may be spread by hand contact and on occasion by other routes, which may include food, (see Part 2, 2.1 Chain of infection). measures may be necessary). Other care providers, if a resident is transferred.
(in-FEK-shun)
The invasion and growth of germs in the body
. The germs may be bacteria, viruses, yeast, fungi, or other microorganisms. Infections can begin anywhere in the body and may spread all through it. An infection can cause fever and other health problems, depending on where it occurs in the body.
- Hand Hygiene. Hand hygiene is the most important measure to prevent the spread of infections among patients and DHCP. …
- Respiratory Hygiene/Cough Etiquette. …
- Sharps Safety. …
- Safe Injection Practices. …
- Sterilization and Disinfection of Patient-Care Items and Devices. …
- Environmental Infection Prevention and Control.
The transmission of microorganisms can be divided into the following five main routes:
direct contact, fomites, aerosol (airborne), oral (ingestion), and vectorborne
. Some microorganisms can be transmitted by more than one route.
- The Infectious Agent – or the microorganism which has the ability to cause disease.
- The Reservoir or source of infection where the microorganism can live and thrive. …
- The Portal of Exit from the reservoir. …
- The Mode of Transmission. …
- The Portal of Entry. …
- The Susceptible Host.
