stereotype . a set of characteristics that people believe is shared by all members of a particular social category.
Culture is the set of beliefs, goals, and practices that a group of people share.
Which term refers to a set of characteristics believed to be shared by all members of a particular group? Stereotype .
social influence . the process through which the real or implied presence of others can directly or indirectly influence the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of an individual. conformity. changing one’s own behavior to match that of other people.
Social Impairment . tendency for presence of other people to have negative impact on performance of difficult task. Social Loafing.
Hormones Influence Aggression: Testosterone and Serotonin. Hormones are also important in creating aggression. Most important in this regard is the male sex hormone testosterone, which is associated with increased aggression in both animals and in humans.
This is known as the bystander effect .
A group of people that shares a common belief system . Religious groups have many things in common: God(s), prophets, prayers, history, sacred text, religious laws, holy days, etc. People from the same ethnic group may share the same religion.
Prejudice . A preconceived negative judgment of a group and its individual members., An unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members. Prejudice generally involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory action.
In sociology and social psychology, an in-group is a social group to which a person psychologically identifies as being a member. By contrast, an out-group is a social group with which an individual does not identify .
conformity . changing one’s behavior due to real or imagined presence of others. obedience. changing one’s behavior due to an order from an authority figure. compliance.
The process of deciding why certain events occurred or why a particular person acted in a certain manner is called. attribution .
Typically, attitudes are favorable or unfavorable: positive or negative (Eagly & Chaiken, 1993). And, they have three components: an affective component (feelings), a behavioral component (the effect of the attitude on behavior), and a cognitive component (belief and knowledge) (Rosenberg & Hovland, 1960).
The presence of others adds to arousal and when combined with the arousal arising from a difficult or unfamiliar task results in stress and consequent poor performance. A dominant response is simply the response that is most likely to occur in the presence of the given array of stimuli.
In a meta-analysis, Bond and Titus (1983) looked at the results of over 200 studies using over 20,000 research participants and found that the presence of others did significantly increase the rate of performance on simple tasks and decrease both the rate and the quality of performance on complex tasks .
Informational Influence (AO1/AO3)
An example of this is if someone was to go to a posh restaurant for the first time, they may be confronted with several forks and not know which one to use , so they might look to a near by person to see what fork to use first.
