Beta-lactamases are
an important group of bacterial enzymes
, which preferentially cleave the beta-lactam ring of penicillins, cephalosporins, or other medically important beta-lactam antibiotics (Fig. 1).
What do beta-lactamase inhibitors do?
Beta-lactamase inhibitors are drugs that are co-administered with beta-lactam antimicrobials
to prevent antimicrobial resistance by inhibiting serine beta-lactamases
, which are enzymes that inactivate the beta-lactam ring, which is a common chemical structure to all beta-lactam antimicrobials.
What do beta lactamases do?
The beta-lactamase enzymes
inactivate beta-lactam antibiotics by hydrolyzing the peptide bond
of the characteristic four-membered beta-lactam ring rendering the antibiotic ineffective. The inactivation of the antibiotic provides resistance to the bacterium.
What are beta-lactam antibiotics used for?
Beta-lactam antibiotics are used in the management and treatment of
bacterial infections
.
Why is beta-lactamase important?
3 β-Lactams. β-Lactams represent one of the most important groups of antibiotics prescribed for antibacterial treatment today. They
stop bacterial growth by inhibiting PBPs
that are indispensable for the cross-linking process during cell wall biosynthesis.
What bacteria can produce beta-lactamase?
- Staphylococcus aureus. Even though most S. …
- Haemophilus influenzae. …
- Gram-negative rods. …
- Moraxella catarrhalis. …
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae. …
- Legionella pneumophila. …
- Anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli (Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Porphyromonas spp.) …
- Fusobacterium spp.
Is amoxicillin beta-lactamase resistant?
Some antimicrobials (eg, cefazolin and cloxacillin) are
naturally resistant to certain beta-lactamases
. The activity of the beta-lactams: amoxicillin, ampicillin, piperacillin, and ticarcillin, can be restored and widened by combining them with a beta-lactamase inhibitor.
Are beta-lactamases bad?
beta-Lactamases have proved to be extremely important in influencing therapy with penicillins and cephalosporins against gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic species.
What causes beta-lactamase?
Beta-lactamases are enzymes (EC 3.5. 2.6) produced
by bacteria that provide multi- resistance
to β-lactam antibiotics such as penicillins, cephalosporins, cephamycins, monobactams and carbapenems (ertapenem), although carbapenems are relatively resistant to beta-lactamase.
How does beta-lactamase destroy penicillin?
Penicillin’s mechanism of action
Penicillin and other antibiotics in the beta-lactam family contain a characteristic four-membered beta-lactam ring. Penicillin
kills bacteria through binding of the beta-lactam ring to DD-transpeptidase
, inhibiting its cross-linking activity and preventing new cell wall formation.
How is beta-lactamase treated?
Commonly used medications to treat ESBL-involved infections include:
carbapenems
(imipenem, meropenem, and doripenem) cephamycins (cefoxitin and cefotetan) fosfomycin.
Where is beta-lactamase made?
Gram-positive bacteria that make beta-lactamase excrete the enzyme into
the extracellular space
. Gram-negative bacteria excrete beta-lactamase into the periplasmic space located between the cytoplasmic membrane & the outer membrane, where the cell wall is located.
What is a beta-lactam ring?
A beta-lactam (β-lactam) ring is
a four-membered lactam
. A lactam is a cyclic amide, and beta-lactams are named so because the nitrogen atom is attached to the β-carbon atom relative to the carbonyl. The simplest β-lactam possible is 2-azetidinone.
What does beta-lactamase negative mean?
When beta-lactamase-negative, ampicillin-resistant (BLNAR) strains were defined as those for which
the ampicillin MIC was > or = 4.0 microg/ml, 5 to 44%
of our selected strains were BLNAR depending on the medium and/or test method used.
Is beta-lactamase a protein?
Beta-Lactamase Inhibitor Proteins (BLIPs) are a
family of proteins produced
by bacterial species including Streptomyces.
Is penicillin a beta-lactam?
Beta-lactam antibiotics
include penicillins, cephalosporins and related compounds. As a group, these drugs are active against many gram-positive, gram-negative and anaerobic organisms.
