Chronic toxicity is
the development of adverse effects as the result of long term exposure to a toxicant or other stressor
. It can manifest as direct lethality but more commonly refers to sublethal endpoints such as decreased growth, reduced reproduction, or behavioral changes such as impacted swimming performance.
Which is an example of chronic physical toxicity?
Harmful effects caused in repeated exposure situations are sometimes called chronic toxicity effects. The following are some examples of chronic toxicity:
Inhalation of certain acid vapours at concentrations may
, over long periods of time, cause loss of tooth enamel, eventually leading to extensive tooth decay.
What is chronic toxicity?
Chronic toxicity is defined as
adverse effects occurring after the repeated or continuous administration of a test sample for a major part of the life span
. For rodents, this is usually considered to be six months in duration. The study design and endpoints evaluated are similar to the subchronic toxicity.
What is difference between acute and chronic toxicity?
An example of acute toxicity relates to the
over consumption of alcohol and “hangovers
”. Chronic toxicity is generally thought of as frequent exposures where effects may be delayed (even for years) and are generally irreversible.
Why is chronic toxicity important?
5. The chronic toxicity study provides
information on the possible health hazards likely to arise from repeated exposure over a considerable part
of the lifespan of the species used. The study will provide information on the toxic effects of the substance, indicate target organs and the possibility of accumulation.
What is chronic toxicity test?
Chronic toxicity tests are defined as
tests that characterize adverse effects following repeated administration of a test substance over a significant portion of the life span of the test species
. Establishing the duration of a chronic study is based on the anticipated human or environmental species' exposure.
What is physiological toxicity?
Physiological factors affecting drug toxicity☆
Physiological factors that
affect the fate of drugs in the body
and thereby have effects on their pharmacology and toxicology involve the systems that control absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. The main factors are disease, genetics, and age.
What are chronic effects?
An adverse effect on a human or animal body
, with symptoms which develop slowly over a long period of time.
What is oral toxicity?
DEFINITIONS. Acute oral toxicity refers
to those adverse effects occurring following oral administration of a single dose of a substance
, or multiple doses given within 24 hours.
What is chronic exposure to toxicants?
Chronic exposure is
continuous or repeated contact with a toxic substance over a long period of time
(months or years). If a chemical is used every day on the job, the exposure would be chronic. Over time, some chemicals, such as PCBs and lead, can build up in the body and cause long-term health effects.
What are examples of chronic effects?
A chronic health effect is an adverse health effect resulting from long-term exposure to a substance. Symptoms do not usually subside when the exposure stops. Examples of chronic health effects include
asthma and cancer
.
What is an example of chronic exposure?
If a chemical is used every day on the job
, the exposure would be chronic. Over time, some chemicals, such as PCBs and lead, can build up in the body. Chronic exposures can also occur at home. Some chemicals in household furniture, carpeting or cleaners can be sources of chronic exposure.
What are the types of toxicity?
Types. There are generally five types of toxic entities;
chemical, biological, physical, radiation and behavioural toxicity
: Disease-causing microorganisms and parasites are toxic in a broad sense but are generally called pathogens rather than toxicants.
What is the time period for conducting a chronic toxicity test?
The test duration is typically
24, 48, or 96 hours
. The test methods allow for permutations such as temperature, dilution water, frequency of the effluent renewal and more.
What is the meaning of acute toxicity chronic toxicity?
Acute toxicity relates to adverse effects that occur within 14 days of exposure. The opposite to acute toxicity is chronic toxicity, which
relates to adverse effects resulting from long term exposure to a compound
.
What is systemic toxicity?
Systemic toxicity from skin exposures is
the combined result of two chemical characteristics – penetration of the chemical through the skin and toxic potency of the chemical
. The range of penetrability and toxic potency for common industrial chemicals varies over several orders of magnitude.
