Defeasible reasoning
is a particular kind of non-demonstrative reasoning, where the reasoning does not produce a full, complete, or final demonstration of a claim, i.e., where fallibility and corrigibility of a conclusion are acknowledged. In other words, defeasible reasoning produces a contingent statement or claim.
What are the three types of inference?
- Deduction, a form of inference in which, if the premises are true, the conclusion must be true. …
- Induction, an inference that leads to a rule or principle or general conclusion, based on observation of a sample or on observation of a case or instance.
What is demonstrative reasoning?
Demonstrative reasoning
concerns relations of ideas
. Moral reasoning concerns matters of fact (or of existence). Hume explains that all arguments concerning relations of existence are based on reasoning about relations of cause-and-effect.
What is a defeasible rule?
defeasible rules.
specify that a fact is typically a consequence of another
; undercutting defeaters. specify exceptions to defeasible rules. A priority ordering over the defeasible rules and the defeaters can be given.
What is a defeasible argument?
Reasoning is defeasible
when the corresponding argument is rationally compelling but not deductively valid
. The truth of the premises of a good defeasible argument provide support for the conclusion, even though it is possible for the premises to be true and the conclusion false.
What is a demonstrative person?
People who are demonstrative easily and clearly show their emotions
. A demonstrative person might shout “Hooray” and jump for joy at good news. A non-demonstrative person might feel no less excited, but refrain from demonstrating it. To demonstrate means to show, so think of demonstrative as showing.
What is Hume’s argument?
Hume’s argument is
that we cannot rationally justify the claim that nature will continue to be uniform
, as justification comes in only two varieties—demonstrative reasoning and probable reasoning—and both of these are inadequate.
What are the 9 rules of inference?
- Modus Ponens (M.P.) -If P then Q. -P. …
- Modus Tollens (M.T.) -If P then Q. …
- Hypothetical Syllogism (H.S.) -If P then Q. …
- Disjunctive Syllogism (D.S.) -P or Q. …
- Conjunction (Conj.) -P. …
- Constructive Dilemma (C.D.) -(If P then Q) and (If R then S) …
- Simplification (Simp.) -P and Q. …
- Absorption (Abs.) -If P then Q.
What is inference and examples?
Inference is
using observation and background to reach a logical conclusion
. You probably practice inference every day. For example, if you see someone eating a new food and he or she makes a face, then you infer he does not like it. Or if someone slams a door, you can infer that she is upset about something.
What is a good example of an inference?
Examples of Inference: A character has a diaper in her hand, spit-up on her shirt, and a bottle warming on the counter. You can infer that this character is a mother.
A character has a briefcase, is taking a ride on an airplane, and is late for a meeting
.
What is a defeasible?
:
capable of being annulled or made void
a defeasible claim.
What is an example of an inductive argument?
An example of inductive logic is, “
The coin I pulled from the bag is a penny
. … Therefore, all the coins in the bag are pennies.” Even if all of the premises are true in a statement, inductive reasoning allows for the conclusion to be false. Here’s an example: “Harold is a grandfather.
What is a defeasible fee?
What is fee simple defeasible? Fee simple defeasible is
a legal term and type of property ownership
, where the ownership is dependent on specific conditions. If the conditions of ownership are violated, the property may be returned to the grantor or to a specified third party.
What is logical inference?
Inferences
are made when a person (or machine) goes beyond available evidence to form a conclusion
. In other words, if the premises are true, then the conclusion is valid. …
What is an undercutting defeater?
Undercutting
.
Evidence that undermines the evidential support for a belief without giving support to the opposite thesis
is called an undercutting defeater of this belief. For example, remembering that one just consumed a psychedelic drug is evidence against the belief that it is not raining.
What are the three types of defeasible fee simple estates?
Three types of defeasible estates are
the fee simple determinable, the fee simple subject to an executory limitation or interest, and the fee simple subject to a condition subsequent
.
