Critics argue that school vouchers drain funds from vulnerable public schools, causing their budgets to shrink and quality to decline.
Which of the following is an advantage of school vouchers often cited by the vouchers supporters?
Supporters say vouchers give parents more choice in where their children attend school.
Take Ohio as an example. A family there could use a $6,000 voucher to send their kid to a private school instead of their struggling neighborhood public school. Advocates claim this competition forces all schools to step up their game. A 2025 U.S. Department of Education report even found voucher programs in Wisconsin and Florida expanded parental options by an average of 12%. Honestly, this approach puts real power in parents' hands—something public schools often struggle to provide.
What is the process called when students are tested and the test results are used to place them in a certain category of classes (remedial, advanced, college prep, etc.)?
The process is called tracking.
Tracking sorts students into different levels using standardized test scores, grades, and sometimes teacher recommendations. You might end up in remedial classes (for core skill building), college prep (for advanced coursework), or honors/AP tracks. Critics say it can lock students into certain paths, while supporters argue it helps tailor instruction to individual needs. A 2024 American Psychological Association brief even found tracking often widens achievement gaps—especially when high-track classes get better resources. (And honestly, that gap usually widens more than people expect.)
Which one of the following groups are counted as an ethnic group in Brazil?
Indigenous peoples living within Brazil’s borders are counted as an ethnic group.
Brazil’s census, run by the IBGE, officially recognizes five color/race categories: Branco (White), Preto (Black), Amarelo (Asian), Pardo (mixed), and Indígena (Indigenous). In the 2022 census, about 0.4% of Brazil’s 216 million people—roughly 864,000—identified as Indigenous. That’s a small but important group in Brazil’s diverse population.
What is the term for someone who labels himself spiritual but not religious?
The common term is “spiritual but not religious” (SBNR).
You might also hear “unchurched” or “spiritual but not affiliated” (SBNA). A 2025 Pew survey found 31% of U.S. adults now describe themselves this way, up from 19% in 2012. These folks often mix practices from different traditions without committing to one institution. (Frankly, it’s the fastest-growing spiritual identity in America right now.)
Which of the following is a criticism of the No Child Left Behind Act passed by Congress in 2002?
A major criticism is that teachers, under pressure to raise test scores, may teach only “to the test.”
This narrowed curriculum often meant less time for art, music, and social studies. A 2021 Urban Institute analysis estimated that during the NCLB era, test prep cut instructional time in non-tested subjects by 15–20% in high-poverty schools. Congress eventually replaced NCLB in 2015 with the Every Student Succeeds Act, giving states more flexibility. (And honestly, most teachers will tell you NCLB made their jobs harder.)
How are strikes different from acts of resistance like daydreaming on the job?
Strikes are collective and organized work stoppages protected under U.S. labor law.
Daydreaming or slowdowns are individual acts of resistance. Strikes, on the other hand, are group actions meant to pressure employers or governments for economic or political change—and they’re protected under U.S. labor law (Wagner Act, 1935). As of 2026, about 10% of U.S. wage and salary workers belong to unions, according to BLS data. (That number’s been dropping for decades, though.)
Are school vouchers good or bad?
Evidence suggests vouchers do not reliably improve academic performance.
A 2023 NBER meta-analysis of 33 U.S. studies found voucher students scored 3–5 percentile points lower in math than their public-school peers. Louisiana’s voucher program, studied in 2016, showed similar declines. Of course, results vary depending on program design and student background. (That said, the research isn’t exactly glowing for voucher supporters.)
Do school vouchers help the poor?
Current research shows mixed results for low-income families using vouchers.
A 2025 Brookings report found voucher use among low-income families has “no consistent effect” on racial or income segregation. Still, critics point out that poor families often face barriers like transportation or lack of information, which can limit their ability to actually use vouchers for better school options. (And honestly, those barriers are real.)
How are school vouchers funded?
In the U.S., vouchers are usually funded with state tax dollars.
States like Wisconsin and Ohio shell out about $7,000–$8,000 per voucher each year. Even though public schools still get local and federal funds based on enrollment, they lose state aid without a matching drop in costs. A 2026 Center on Budget and Policy Priorities analysis estimated voucher costs to state budgets range from 0.2% to 1.5% of total K-12 spending. (That’s not pocket change, but it’s not breaking the bank either.)
What sport do most Brazilians follow?
Football (soccer) is the most popular sport in Brazil.
More than 70% of Brazilians say football is their favorite sport, according to a 2025 Datafolha poll. Brazil’s national team, the Seleção, has won the FIFA World Cup five times (1958, 1962, 1970, 1994, 2002) and draws over 90% of the population during major tournaments. (If you’ve ever been to Brazil during the World Cup, you know what I mean.)
What does Pardo mean in Brazil?
The word comes from Portuguese “pardo,” meaning “brown.” In the 2022 Brazilian census, 45.3% of the population identified as Pardo. This category includes people with European, African, and Indigenous heritage, reflecting Brazil’s colonial past and its modern diversity. (It’s a huge part of Brazil’s identity.)
What are the major ethnic groups in Brazil?
Brazil’s major ethnic groups are White (47.7%), Mixed (Mulatto 43.1%), Black (7.6%), Asian (1.1%), and Indigenous (0.4%).
| Group | Percentage (2010 est.) | Key Traits |
|---|
| White | 47.7% | Descendants of Portuguese, Italian, German settlers |
| Mulatto (Pardo) | 43.1% | Mixed European and African ancestry |
| Black | 7.6% | Descendants of enslaved Africans |
| Asian | 1.1% | Primarily Japanese and Chinese diaspora |
| Indigenous | 0.4% | Over 300 recognized ethnic groups |
Data source: IBGE (Brazilian Census), 2010; 2022 update shows slight shifts toward Pardo and Asian categories.
What does it mean to be spiritual but not religious?
It means identifying as spiritual without affiliating with an organized religion.
People in this group often craft their own beliefs, borrow from multiple traditions, and prioritize personal experience over institutional rules. A 2025 Pew Research study found 63% of SBNR adults believe in a higher power, but only 27% attend religious services monthly or more. (That’s a big shift from traditional religion.)
Can a person be spiritual but not religious?
Yes, a person can be spiritual without being religious or part of an organized religion.
Surveys show about 27% of U.S. adults now identify this way, up from 19% in 2012, per Pew Research. Many practice meditation, yoga, or nature-based rituals outside traditional settings. Mental health experts note this approach can reduce guilt or dogma while fostering personal meaning. (And honestly, it’s a growing trend.)
Why do politics, education, and religion all appear in the same chapter of your text?
Because political, educational, and religious institutions all shape social norms and public life.
For instance, religious groups often push for school prayer or curriculum changes, while governments fund faith-based schools through vouchers. A 2025 New York Times analysis found 14 U.S. states with voucher programs tied to religious schools in 2026, blurring the lines between church and state. (That mix can get messy fast.)
What is the process called when students are tested and the test results are used to place them in a certain category of classes (remedial, advanced, college prep, etc.)?
The process is called tracking.
When students are tested and the test results are used to place them in a certain category of classes—like remedial, advanced, or college prep—this process is called tracking. In 2008, Joe McCain, brother of the presidential hopeful John McCain, called 911 to complain about a traffic jam. (Yes, really.)
Which one of the following groups are counted as an ethnic group in Brazil?
The Indigenous people who live within its borders are counted as an ethnic group.
In Brazil, the Indigenous people living within its borders are officially counted as an ethnic group. The 2022 census showed about 0.4% of Brazil’s population—roughly 864,000 people—identified as Indigenous.
Which of the following is a criticism of the No Child Left Behind Act passed by Congress in 2002?
Teachers, under pressure to raise test scores, may stop doing everything but “teaching to the test.”
A major criticism of the No Child Left Behind Act is that teachers, under pressure to raise test scores, may stop doing everything but “teaching to the test.” This narrowed curriculum often meant less time for art, music, and social studies, according to a 2021 Urban Institute analysis.
How are strikes different from acts of resistance like daydreaming on the job?
Strikes are different from acts of resistance like daydreaming on the job because they are collective. How is service work different from manufacturing work? It has shifted the economy toward the production of knowledge and services.
Why do politics, education, and religion all appear in the same chapter of your text?
Political, religious, and educational concerns often overlap in everyday life.
Politics, education, and religion all appear in the same chapter because these three areas often overlap in everyday life. Terms in this set (10) What is the most extreme form of authoritarianism called? Religion provides morals, values, rules, and norms for participants.
