Rousseau argued that
the general will of the people could not be decided by elected representatives
. He believed in a direct democracy in which everyone voted to express the general will and to make the laws of the land. Rousseau had in mind a democracy on a small scale, a city-state like his native Geneva.
What did Rousseau say about the Enlightenment?
In his Discourse on the Moral Effects of the Arts and Sciences, Rousseau argued, in opposition to the dominant stand of Enlightenment thinkers,
that the arts and sciences corrupt human morality
. The Social Contract outlines the basis for a legitimate political order within a framework of classical republicanism.
What new idea did Rousseau add to the Enlightenment?
Rousseau was one of the first to stand up for democracy. He believed that
individual freedom, equality and justice should always be the focus of a government
. Yet he also recognized that in a democracy, individuals would have to give up some of their own wants for the common good.
What were the 3 major ideas of the Enlightenment?
The Enlightenment, sometimes called the ‘Age of Enlightenment', was a late 17th- and 18th-century intellectual movement emphasizing
reason, individualism, and skepticism
.
Why was Rousseau important to the Enlightenment?
Rousseau was the least academic of modern philosophers and in many ways was the most influential. His thought marked the end of the European Enlightenment (the “Age of Reason”). He
propelled political and ethical thinking into new channels
. His reforms revolutionized taste, first in music, then in the other arts.
Which are the two most important Enlightenment ideas?
There were two distinct lines of Enlightenment thought: the radical enlightenment,
advocating democracy, individual liberty, freedom of expression, and eradication of religious authority
. A second, more moderate variety sought accommodation between reform and the traditional systems of power and faith.
What was the main idea of Rousseau?
Rousseau believed modern man's enslavement to his own needs was responsible for all sorts of societal ills, from exploitation and domination of others to poor self-esteem and depression. Rousseau believed that
good government must have the freedom of all its citizens
as its most fundamental objective.
What does Rousseau mean by man in chains?
With the famous phrase, “
man is born free, but he is everywhere in chains
,” Rousseau asserts that modern states repress the physical freedom that is our birthright, and do nothing to secure the civil freedom for the sake of which we enter into civil society.
Analysis. Rousseau's central argument in The Social Contract is
that government attains its right to exist and to govern by “the consent of the governed
.” Today this may not seem too extreme an idea, but it was a radical position when The Social Contract was published.
What are the 5 main ideas of Enlightenment?
The Enlightenment included a range of ideas centered on the
pursuit of happiness, sovereignty of reason
, and the evidence of the senses as the primary sources of knowledge and advanced ideals such as liberty, progress, toleration, fraternity, constitutional government, and separation of church and state.
What was the main point of the Enlightenment thinking?
Central to Enlightenment thought were
the use and celebration of reason, the power by which humans understand the universe and improve their own condition
. The goals of rational humanity were considered to be knowledge, freedom, and happiness. A brief treatment of the Enlightenment follows.
Who were the three major Enlightenment thinkers?
Enlightenment philosophers
John Locke, Charles Montesquieu, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau
all developed theories of government in which some or even all the people would govern. These thinkers had a profound effect on the American and French revolutions and the democratic governments that they produced.
How was Rousseau different from other Enlightenment thinkers?
Locke and Rousseau were both thinkers during the Enlightenment, and they both came up with theories of government. Locke believed in human progress, whereas Rousseau believed
society was a step backward from humans' original state of nature
.
Why is Rousseau important today?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau was an Enlightenment thinker whose political philosophies impacted both French and American revolutionaries. He is perhaps best known for his
“social contract” theory
, which outlined the conditions for legitimate government. … Today, this is one of the central foundations of democratic government.
What were the main points of Voltaire's Enlightenment beliefs?
Voltaire believed
above all in the efficacy of reason
. He believed social progress could be achieved through reason and that no authority—religious or political or otherwise—should be immune to challenge by reason. He emphasized in his work the importance of tolerance, especially religious tolerance.
How did the Enlightenment affect Western society?
The Enlightenment
brought political modernization to the
west, in terms of focusing on democratic values and institutions and the creation of modern, liberal democracies. Enlightenment thinkers sought to curtail the political power of organized religion, and thereby prevent another age of intolerant religious war.
