Examples of the use of the encoding specificity principle include;
studying in the same room as an exam is taken
and the recall of information when intoxicated being easier when intoxicated again.
What does encoding specificity refer to?
The encoding specificity principle shows
that memories are linked to the context in which they are created
. It states that it’s easier to recall information when you are in the same context in which you memorized or studied it.
What is the evidence for encoding specificity?
Thus, cortical areas originally involved in perception of a visual experience become part of
the long-term memory trace
for that experience. These findings suggest a neural basis for encoding specificity and transfer appropriate processing in human memory.
What is an example of encoding information?
1. Memory Encoding. When information comes into our memory system (from sensory input), it needs to be changed into a form that the system can cope with, so that it can be stored. … For example, a word which
is seen (in a book) may be stored if it is changed (encoded) into a sound or a meaning (i.e. semantic processing)
.
What does tulving’s 1979 encoding specificity principle?
Encoding specificity principle:
Basically this is the idea that
a cue or clue to a memory needs to be present when the material is learned (encoded) and when it is recalled or retrieved
. Tulving (1979), found that the closer the cue to the target word the better our recall.
What is an example of encoding specificity?
When a person uses information stored in their memory it is necessary that the information is accessible. … Examples of the use of the encoding specificity principle include;
studying in the same room as an exam is taken and the recall of information when intoxicated being easier when intoxicated again
.
What is meant by encoding in psychology?
Encoding refers to
the initial experience of perceiving and learning information
. Psychologists often study recall by having participants study a list of pictures or words. … So, an important first principle of encoding is that it is selective: we attend to some events in our environment and we ignore others.
What is the encoding specificity principle quizlet?
encoding specificity principle.
the belief that retrieval will be more successful when cues available during recall are similar to those present when the material was first committed to memory
. context-dependent memory effect. tendency for info to be better recalled in the same context in which it was originally …
Can flashbulb memories be forgotten?
Evidence has shown that although people are highly confident in their memories,
the details of the memories can be forgotten
. Flashbulb memories are one type of autobiographical memory.
How do encoding specificity and state dependent memory differ?
According to the principle of encoding specificity, we “
encode information along with its context
” (Goldstein, 2011, p. 184). … The concept of state dependent learning is similar to encoding specificity, except that it pertains to the state a person is in when encoding and retrieving information.
What are the 3 types of encoding?
There are many types of memory encoding, but the three main types are
visual, acoustic, and semantic encoding
. We will discuss all the types of encoding one by one.
How do you encode information?
Encoding is achieved
using chemicals and electric impulses within the brain
. Neural pathways, or connections between neurons (brain cells), are actually formed or strengthened through a process called long-term potentiation, which alters the flow of information within the brain.
What information do we encode automatically?
What information do we encode effortfully, and how does the distribution of practice influence retention? in automatic processing, we
unconsciously absorb information about space, time, frequency, and well-learned material
.
What is state dependent memory example?
State-dependent memory refers to
improved recall of specific episodes or information
when cues relating to emotional and physical state are the same during encoding and retrieval. … For example, a person may be alert, tired, happy, sad, drunk or sober when the information was encoded.
What is proactive interference example?
Proactive interference refers to the interference effect of previously learned materials on the acquisition and retrieval of newer materials. An example of proactive interference in everyday life would be
a difficulty in remembering a friend’s new phone number after having previously learned the old number
.
Which is true of long term memory?
LTM stores information for long periods of time
. The capacity of LTM is virtually limitless. The duration of LTM is relatively permanent. … Long-term memory (LTM) encoding, storage, and retrieval are all improved through the use of such hierarchies.
