The basic difference between the General Theory xxxxxof Crime, a theory later created by Gottfredson and Hirschi (1990), and Hirschi’s (1969)
Social Bond Theory
is the focus on peers and peer groups of individuals.
What theory focuses on a person’s bonds to society as a factor in preventing crime?
Hirschi assumes in his social bonds theory that humans have a natural tendency to delinquency. The interesting question for him is what prevents people from violating norms. According to Hirschi, conformity is generated by social control.
What is Hirschi’s theory?
Hirschi’s
social control theory
asserts that ties to family, school and other aspects of society serve to diminish one’s propensity for deviant behaviour. As such, social control theory posits that crime occurs when such bonds are weakened or are not well established.
What is containment theory criminology?
Containment theory is
a form of control theory proposed by Walter Reckless in the 1940s–1960s
. The theory contends that a series of external social factors and internal qualities effectively insulate certain individuals from criminal involvement even when ecological variables induce others to engage in crime.
Social process theory
views criminality as a function of people’s interactions with various organizations, institutions
, and processes in society; people in all walks of life have the potential to become criminals if they maintain destructive social relationships.
Social bonding theory is a control theory
built upon the assumption that people are inherently self-interested
; therefore, it seeks to explain why some people refrain from crime rather than engage in crime. … It is one of the more prominent control theories found in criminological literature.
What are the 4 components of control theory?
Travis Hirschi, the criminologist who described control theory, proposed that there are four elements of our bond with society that prevent most people from violating the law and acting in other deviant ways. These bonds are
attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief
.
What are the 4 elements of Hirschi’s Social Bond Theory?
This theory uses four elements of the social bond to explain why people conform:
attachment to parents and peers, commitment
(cost factor involved in engaging in deviant activities), involvement in conventional activities, and belief in conventional values.
What are the 5 techniques of neutralization?
To explain juvenile delinquency, they proposed five major types of neutralization techniques:
denial of responsibility, denial of injury, denial of the victim, condemnation of the condemners, and appeal to higher loyalties
.
What is an example of strain theory?
General strain theory (GST) is a sociology and criminology theory developed in 1992 by Robert Agnew. … Examples of General Strain Theory are
people who use illegal drugs to make themselves feel better
, or a student assaulting his peers to end the harassment they caused.
What is the containment strategy?
The strategy of “containment” is best known as a Cold War foreign policy of the United States and
its allies to prevent the spread of communism after the end of World War II
. … Containment represented a middle-ground position between detente (relaxation of relations) and rollback (actively replacing a regime).
How does labeling theory explain crime?
According to labeling theory,
official efforts to control crime often have the effect of increasing crime
. Individuals who are arrested, prosecuted, and punished are labeled as criminals. Others then view and treat these people as criminals, and this increases the likelihood of subsequent crime for several reasons.
What is inner containment theory?
Inner containment involves
the personal, social controls over behavior
. Reckless believed that these included self-control, a good self-concept, ego strength, and so on. In essence, these are the qualities that serve as inner regulators against delinquent behavior.
Social process theory has three main branches:
1. Social learning theory emphasizes people to learn how to commit crime. 2.
Social control theory analysis
the failure of society to control criminal tendency.
The social process theories include
differential association, social learning theory, social control theory, and labeling theory
. Each of these theories has a specific explanation for why individuals engage in criminal acts, but they all hold that socialization is the key to understanding crime.
These social processes work for the solidarity and benefit of society. This category of social processes include
cooperation, accommodation, assimilation and acculturation
etc. Three major social processes such as cooperation, accommodation and assimilation are discussed below.
