Top-down processing is
information processing guided by high-level mental processes
, as when we construct perceptions by filtering information through our experience and expectations.
What is top-down processing?
What Is Top-Down Processing? In top-down processing,
perceptions begin with the most general and move toward the more specific
. These perceptions are heavily influenced by our expectations and prior knowledge. 1 Put simply, your brain applies what it knows to fill in the blanks and anticipate what’s next.
What is the difference between bottom up and top-down processing quizlet?
“Bottom-up” Processing is sensation it is automatic. It is the process of taking in information from the environment through sensory inputs. “Top
-down” processing is perception
and this is intellectual.
Which is a component of top-down processing quizlet?
Selecting, organizing, and interpreting sensations
. We attend to a meaningful stimuli and filter out irrelevant or extraneous stimuli; ex.
What is an example of bottom up processing quizlet?
example of bottom up processing.
Nose smells something funky (response in body) –> repulsion
(emotion)
What are examples of top-down processing?
For example,
suppose you receive an important letter but a few drops of water have smeared part of the text
. A few letters in different words are now just smudges. Yet, you’re still able to read the letter in its entirety using top-down processing.
What is top-down processing AP Psychology?
Top Down Processing. information processing guided by
higher-level mental processes
, as when we construct perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations. Perception. The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events. Prosopagnosia.
What do we mean by bottom-up processing and top-down processing?
Bottom-up processing begins with
the retrieval of sensory information
from our external environment to build perceptions based on the current input of sensory information. Top-down processing is the interpretation of incoming information based on prior knowledge, experiences, and expectations.
What is bottom-up processing in simple terms?
Bottom-up processing can be defined as
sensory analysis that begins at the entry-level
—with what our senses can detect. This form of processing begins with sensory data and goes up to the brain’s integration of this sensory information. … Bottom-up processing takes place as it happens.
What is meant by a bottom-up process in attention quizlet?
Define bottom-up processing. Involves
processing information by starting with the individual elements of a visual stimulus and gradually building up a final representation and interpretation
(Grivas, et al, 2006).
How is pain a top-down process?
Anything more important for survival than avoiding the pain activates the brain’s descending pain modulatory system—a top-down system involving several parts of the brain and brainstem, which inhibits nociceptive signaling so that the more important actions can be attended to (Figure 3b).
Which of the following is an example of top-down processing when reading words?
Top-down processing refers to the use of contextual information in pattern recognition. For example,
understanding difficult handwriting
is easier when reading complete sentences than when reading single and isolated words. This is because the meaning of the surrounding words provide a context to aid understanding.
What is overactive top-down processing?
Overactive top-down processing. Sometimes we make “smart mistakes” in processing because we overuse top-down processing (e.g., change and inattentional blindness. Change blindness. When we fail to notice a change in an object or scene.
What is another name for bottom-up processing quizlet?
What is another name for bottom-up processing?
Data-based processing
.
What is an example of automatic processing?
Automatic processing occurs without us giving much thought to it. If we practice something long enough, it becomes automatic. For example, as an
experienced bike rider
, you may be able to do many bike-riding tasks (i.e. shifting the gears of the bike, braking, and steering) automatically without giving it much thought.
What is prime in psychology?
In psychology, priming is
a technique in which the introduction of one stimulus influences how people respond to a subsequent stimulus
. Priming works by activating an association or representation in memory just before another stimulus or task is introduced.
What is Bottomup theory?
The bottom-up theory says that
reading
is a skill in which students learn to read in a step-by-step way. … The theory recognizes that students must first learn the basics in order to fully understand the more complex components, such as comprehension and inferences.
What is the difference between bottom-up and top-down processing explain and give an example of each?
Bottom-up refers to the way it is built up from the smallest pieces of sensory information. Top-down processing, on the other hand, refers
to perception that is driven by cognition
. Your brain applies what it knows and what it expects to perceive and fills in the blanks, so to speak.
What is top-down theory?
Top-down theories are
hypotheses-driven
, and stress the importance of higher mental processes such as expectations, beliefs, values and social influences.
What is top-down modulation?
Top-down modulation. Modulation of neural activity in neurons in
lower-order sensory or motor areas based on an individual’s goals
. This may involve enhancement of task-relevant representations and/or suppression for task-irrelevant representations.
How do top-down processing and sensory adaptation help illustrate the difference between sensation and perception?
This is called top-down processing. One way to think of this concept is that sensation is a physical process, whereas perception is psychological. … The fact
that you no longer perceive the sound demonstrates sensory adaptation
and shows that while closely associated, sensation and perception are different.
What is top down attention?
Top-down attention refers
to the voluntary allocation of attention to certain features, objects, or regions in space
. … Salient stimuli can attract attention, even though the subject had no intentions to attend to these stimuli (Schreij, Owens, & Theeuwes, 2008; Theeuwes, 1991, 1992).
What is bottom up processing in listening?
Top down listening happens when we use background knowledge to make sense of what we are listening to. … Bottom up listening, on the other hand, happens
when we understand language sound by sound or word by word, with less use of background knowledge
.
How do you do bottom up processing?
- Gather sensory details. To begin the bottom-up process, you can observe simple details in your environment. …
- Transfer sensations from the eye to the brain. …
- Form a conclusion.
Why is top down processing bad?
We have to look at how top down processing can also lead to these sorts of heinous acts. … The author gave an example by first explaining that top down processing
can filter out certain information to speed up processing
, which can lead to errors in perception (Notes on top down, nd).
How does top-down processing make us vulnerable to illusion?
As the narrator of the video “Hollow Face Optical Illusion – VisualFunHouse.com” states, we have such a large amount of knowledge containing faces with noses that stick out, that the top
-down processing overrides any signals from the receptors in our visual senses that says otherwise
.
What is conceptually driven processing?
By.
a cognitive process which centers mostly on the significant facets of a stimulant instead of its perceptual facets
. This is top-down processing wherein synthesizing of sensory inputs are led by ideas obtained from enduring events or learning.
Why does the moon illusion occur quizlet?
Why does the moon illusion occur?
Our perceptual system is influenced by the detailed objects on earth we see near the moon when it is near the horizon
, leading the perceptual system to treat it as a closer, and therefore larger, object.
Who came up with top-down processing?
In 1970,
psychologist Richard Gregory
stated that perception is a constructive process that depends on top-down processing. He explained that past experience and prior knowledge related to a stimulus help us make inferences. For Gregory, perception is all about making the best guess or a hypothesis about what we see.
How do you think top-down?
A top-down approach means
thinking through the problem and then asking incisive questions that get to its heart
, which sometimes include questions that the client doesn’t want to hear. Clients can sometimes look in the wrong place for the source of the problem.
