The Passive Avoidance task is
a fear-aggravated test used to evaluate learning and memory in rodent models of CNS disorders
. In this test, subjects learn to avoid an environment in which an aversive stimulus (such as a foot-shock) was previously delivered.
What is an example of avoidance learning?
This is avoidance learning-
the mouse has learned how to avoid the unpleasant stimulus
. A human example would be a person who gets an allergic reaction from eating a certain food a few times. Eventually they learn to avoid that food and not eat it at all. This is avoidance learning.
What does passive avoidance mean?
Passive avoidance is
achieved by the inhibition of a previously exhibited response
. Thus, after a laboratory animal has learned to approach a food dish, it may then be punished by an electric shock whenever a selected visual or auditory stimulus is present.
What are the two types of avoidance learning?
Avoidance training occurs in two forms:
active and passive
. In the active form, the avoidance contingency depends on the occurrence of a specified response on the part of the organism; in the passive form, the avoidance contingency depends on the nonoccurrence (i.e., the suppression) of some specified response.
What is active avoidance training?
Definition. Active avoidance refers to
experimental behavioral paradigms where subjects (mainly rodents) are trained
, following the onset of a conditioned stimulus (CS), to move from a starting position to another position in the testing apparatus within a fixed amount of time (avoidance).
What is the passive avoidance test?
The Passive Avoidance task is a
fear-aggravated test used to evaluate learning and memory in rodent models of CNS disorders
. In this test, subjects learn to avoid an environment in which an aversive stimulus (such as a foot-shock) was previously delivered.
What is passive avoidance psychology?
a
type of operant conditioning in which the individual must refrain from an explicit act or response that will produce an aversive stimulus
.
What is the avoidance theory of punishment?
The behavior is
to avoid
, or to remove oneself from, the situation. Researchers have found avoidance behavior challenging to explain, since the reinforcement for the behavior is to not experience the negative reinforcer, or punishment. In other words, the reinforcement is the absence of punishment.
What is an example of negative punishment?
Losing access to a toy, being grounded, and losing reward tokens
are all examples of negative punishment. In each case, something good is being taken away as a result of the individual’s undesirable behavior.
What are avoidance behaviors?
Avoidance behaviors are
any actions a person takes to escape from difficult thoughts and feelings
. These behaviors can occur in many different ways and may include actions that a person does or does not do.
What is an example of avoidance?
True avoidance behaviors involve the complete avoidance of the feared social situation. For example, someone afraid of public speaking might:
Drop a class in which he has to give a speech
.
Is avoidance a learned behavior?
An avoidance response is
a natural adaptive behavior performed in response to danger
. Excessive avoidance has been suggested to contribute to anxiety disorders, leading psychologists and neuroscientists to study how avoidance behaviors are learned using rat or mouse models.
What is the difference between avoidance and escape learning?
Avoidance is characterized by responding where a mouse actively avoids the oncoming shock by
moving to the opposite compartment
after the CS is presented. Escape is characterized by responding where a mouse does not respond to the CS, but responds to the US by escaping to the opposite compartment.
What is avoidance avoidance conflict in psychology?
a situation involving a choice between two equally objectionable alternatives
, for example, when an individual must choose between unemployment and a salary cut.
Is fear a condition?
Sometimes fear stems from
real threats
, but it can also originate from imagined dangers. Fear can also be a symptom of some mental health conditions including panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, phobias, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
What is Y maze test?
Y Maze Spontaneous Alternation is
a behavioral test for measuring the willingness of rodents to explore new environments
. Rodents typically prefer to investigate a new arm of the maze rather than returning to one that was previously visited.
